A Systematic Review Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Parent or Caregiver Report Instruments on Child Maltreatment: Part 2: Internal Consistency, Reliability, Measurement Error, Structural Validity, Hypothesis Testing, Cross-Cultural Validity, and Criterion Validity

Abstract

Aims: Child maltreatment (CM) is global public health issue with devastating lifelong consequences. Global organizations have endeavored to eliminate CM; however, there is lack of consensus on what instruments are most suitable for the investigation and prevention of CM. This systematic review aimed to appraise the psychometric properties (other than content validity) of all current parent- or caregiver-reported CM instruments and recommend the most suitable for use. Method: A systematic search of the CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts databases was performed. The evaluation of psychometric properties was conducted according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-report outcome measures. Responsiveness was beyond the scope of this systematic review, and content validity has been reported on in a companion paper (Part 1). Only instruments developed and published in English were included. Results: Twenty-five studies reported on selected psychometric properties of 15 identified instruments. The methodological quality of the studies was overall adequate. The psychometric properties of the instruments were generally indeterminate or not reported due to incomplete or missing psychometric data; high-quality evidence on the psychometric properties was limited. Conclusions: No instruments could be recommended as most suitable for use in clinic and research. Nine instruments were identified as promising based on current psychometric data but would need further psychometric evidence for them to be recommended.

Family Needs Checklist: Development of a Mobile Application for Parents with Children to Assess the Risk for Child Maltreatment

“…Third, extensive research is available regarding the CM identification instruments, [ 43 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The majority of the instruments are developed for clinical use for detecting the potential, substantiated, or recurrence of different types of CM [ 43 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] or its prevalence and depth, such as ICAST [ 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

“…Third, extensive research is available regarding the CM identification instruments, [ 43 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The majority of the instruments are developed for clinical use for detecting the potential, substantiated, or recurrence of different types of CM [ 43 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] or its prevalence and depth, such as ICAST [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Many instruments are reported to have challenges with content validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, structural validity, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity, or criterion validity [ 55 , 56 ].…”

“…The majority of the instruments are developed for clinical use for detecting the potential, substantiated, or recurrence of different types of CM [ 43 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] or its prevalence and depth, such as ICAST [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Many instruments are reported to have challenges with content validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, structural validity, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity, or criterion validity [ 55 , 56 ]. Additionally, the risk assessment instruments are usually developed for use in the secondary and tertiary levels of prevention [ 43 ] and not for the primary prevention purposes.…”

Factor structure and internal consistency of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Parent Version (ICAST-P) in a cross-country pooled data set in nine Balkan countries

“…Obtaining a multi-informant perspective on childhood and adolescent symptoms and experiences is widely recognized as important (De Los Reyes, 2013) and parents are well-placed to provide complementary insight into children's self-reports of maltreatment. However, few studies have investigated the psychometric properties of parent report measures of child exposure to maltreatment (Yoon et al, 2020).…”

Development of a tool to assess the methodological quality of studies reporting on archaeologically excavated human skeletons: An international Delphi study

“…Formal consensus on items retrieved from the literature can be achieved using the Delphi method (Mahajan et al, 1976; Morgado et al, 2018; Whiting et al, 2003). This is a formal expert consensus method that helps in assessing the three aspects of content validity (relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the items and instructions of the tool; Yoon et al, 2020). The Delphi technique was first used in the 1950s for defence research by the US Air Force.…”