A Systematic Review for Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Reserve Across the Cognitive Aging Spectrum

Anthony, Mia; Lin, Feng

doi:10.1093/arclin/acx125

Cited by 94 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Research on environmental factors may therefore open up new avenues for preventive actions that support optimal cognitive aging. Lifelong engagement in a variety of activities such as education, occupational attainment, or leisure activities has been suggested to protect cognitive function in older age (Anthony and Lin, 2018). These activities are also associated with a lower risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2006;Stern, 2012;Franzmeier et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity of Successful Picture-Naming: Age-Specific Organization and the Effect of Engaging in Stimulating Activities

Ferré

Jarret

Brambati

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Aging is a lifelong process that starts at birth. Throughout the course of their life, individuals are exposed to various levels of stimulating activities. A higher level of engagement in such activities is suspected to protect against the normal course of cognitive aging or the cognitive manifestations of age-related brain diseases. However, the exact mechanism underlying such protective action remains unclear. The concept of the neurocognitive reserve was introduced to refer to the hypothesis that engagement in stimulating activities shapes brain structure and function, thus indirectly allowing for better preserved cognitive abilities. Although it is known that word production is among the best-preserved cognitive abilities in aging, the underlying neurofunctional mechanisms that allow this relative preservation are still unknown, and it is still unclear how engagement in stimulating activities affects these processes. The objective of this study is to describe the brain functional connectivity patterns associated with picture-naming abilities in younger and older adults with varying levels of engagement in stimulating activities, as a proxy for neurocognitive reserve. A mediation analysis was applied to determine whether the association between reserve proxies and naming accuracy is dependent on task FC. Results show that naming accuracy depends on the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) functional decoupling in both younger and older adults but through different pathways. While high-performing older adults rely on the asynchronization of this area from motor speech regions' activity, the best-performing younger adults rely on the functional decoupling with language-related regions. Mediation analysis reveals that the PCC decoupling mediates the relationship between the level of engagement in stimulating activities and naming accuracy in younger adults, but not in older adults. These findings suggest that reserve-related mechanisms may be more critical for naming in early adult life, while older adults' neurofunctional organization may benefit more from a lifetime of acquired knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity of Successful Picture-Naming: Age-Specific Organization and the Effect of Engaging in Stimulating Activities

Ferré

Jarret

Brambati

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Of course, it remains possible that there may be specific frontal subregions associated with CR and cognitive performance and only damage to these specific subregions may hinder any benefits of CR. For example, regions such as the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, as well as frontal lobe-associated networks (e.g., left anterior intraparietal sulcus; Bastin et al, 2012), have been associated with CR (for a review see Anthony & Lin, 2017), and damage to these specific regions may prevent compensation from CR after brain injury. In addition, we did not consider parameters such as white matter intensities (WMH) and cortical atrophy in our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve Proxies Do Not Differentially Account for Cognitive Performance in Patients with Focal Frontal and Non-Frontal Lesions

MacPherson

Allerhand

Gharooni

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Cognitive reserve (CR) suggests that premorbid efficacy, aptitude, and flexibility of cognitive processing can aid the brain’s ability to cope with change or damage. Our previous work has shown that age and literacy attainment predict the cognitive performance of frontal patients on frontal-executive tests. However, it remains unknown whether CR also predicts the cognitive performance of non-frontal patients. Method: We investigated the independent effect of a CR proxy, National Adult Reading Test (NART) IQ, as well as age and lesion group (frontal vs. non-frontal) on measures of executive function, intelligence, processing speed, and naming in 166 patients with focal, unilateral frontal lesions; 91 patients with focal, unilateral non-frontal lesions; and 136 healthy controls. Results: Fitting multiple linear regression models for each cognitive measure revealed that NART IQ predicted executive, intelligence, and naming performance. Age also signiﬁcantly predicted performance on the executive and processing speed tests. Finally, belonging to the frontal group predicted executive and naming performance, while membership of the non-frontal group predicted intelligence. Conclusions: These ﬁndings suggest that age, lesion group, and literacy attainment play independent roles in predicting cognitive performance following stroke or brain tumour. However, the relationship between CR and focal brain damage does not differ in the context of frontal and non-frontal lesions.

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“…The risk of bias and quality assessment for each source included in this study was conducted by two independent researchers' (Mr. GNCM and Mr. GRD) using modi ed Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale for included studies applied and used by other researchers in the eld (Anthony & Lin, 2018) (See table 1 submitted as separately as supplement). Furthermore, to enhance the quality and reduce the biasness of the results other two impartial researchers (Dr. WX and Ass.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias and Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of tobacco control policy instruments status and effectiveness in Africa; A systematic literature review

Munthali

Xuelian

Daru

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Tobacco is one of the well-established industries in the world. Despite having some economic benefits, the industry has been for decades associated with environmental problems through deforestation, health related diseases that cause about 8 million mortality rates yearly, human rights violations and corruptions issues which are involved, World Health Organization formulated Framework Convention on Tobacco Control with the aim of controlling tobacco production and consumption, with countries from Africa being ones where its usage is increasing more. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to find out the current status of tobacco control policies and its effectiveness in Africa. Methods: This study was a systematic literature reviews that was conducted between the months of August and November 2020 through extracting data from the database of PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and Research Gate. Only English articles were selected. Results: Out of 910 papers retrieved only 17 papers from African countries were selected on the quality thesis after meeting the inclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that three governance resources were identified of Regulatory 64.70 % N=14 which had Smoke free environment, Advertisement bans, and cessation programs, economics 24.41% N=6 which were taxation's measures and informative 5.886% N=1 which were mass media campaigns. Further, Western African countries especially South Africa reported many pronouncements on smoke free environments and taxation measures. Mass media campaigns proved to be more effective policy as compared to others. Conclusion: This study recommends that future research should be done on looking at the effectiveness of mixed policy instruments as compared to single application. Further, the researcher recommends the use of more informative policies in dealing with inelastic behaviors like those related to tobacco due to the addictive nature.

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A Systematic Review for Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Reserve Across the Cognitive Aging Spectrum

Cited by 94 publications

References 59 publications

Functional Connectivity of Successful Picture-Naming: Age-Specific Organization and the Effect of Engaging in Stimulating Activities

Functional Connectivity of Successful Picture-Naming: Age-Specific Organization and the Effect of Engaging in Stimulating Activities

Cognitive Reserve Proxies Do Not Differentially Account for Cognitive Performance in Patients with Focal Frontal and Non-Frontal Lesions

Assessments of tobacco control policy instruments status and effectiveness in Africa; A systematic literature review

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