A Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Peptides from Fish with Anticancer Properties

Abstract

Fish is a potential source of various forms of bioactive compounds. It can be used as a source of specific proteins, especially in medicine. Recently, studies related to the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from fish are being carried out to find an alternative cure for cancer. To achieve this objective, the AMP used must meet a condition where it possesses the ability to target tumor cells without affecting the normal cell. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and classify the recent AMPs isolated from fish and their therapeutic activities, focusing on their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. A systematic review of studies published in English between 2017 and 2020 was conducted in PubMed NCBI, Biomed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematic review conducted has identified 38 potential AMPs isolated from fish that have been reported to have antimicrobials activity. Of all of these, 21 AMPs also have anticancer properties. Therefore, it is important to continue to explore and study natural ingredients in developing new approaches in medicine. This research is essential to enable the potential of AMPs to be identified and applied.

Teleost Piscidins—In Silico Perspective of Natural Peptide Antibiotics from Marine Sources

“…This predictive tool illustrates the broad spectrum of activity of piscidin peptides against different cancers, as previously reported for piscidin peptides such as Pleurocidin from Paralichthys dentatus, or Piscidin 5-like from Larimichthys crocea [136]. Amino acid sequence and structure have significant implications for the efficacy profile of peptide drugs [132].…”

“…Three piscidin peptides (Pleurocidin, Chrysophsin-2, and Chrysophsin-1) were out of this applicability domain of the prediction tool (Table 6). AMPs produced by marine animals are very effective against many different types of cancer cells and diseases [132]. Peptides such as those found in hybrid striped bass and their homologs in other fish are particularly promising.…”

In silico identification and in vitro assessment of a potential anti-breast cancer activity of antimicrobial peptide retrieved from the ATMP1 Anabas testudineus fish peptide

“…The AMPs’ net charge, total hydrophobicity, and amino acid sequence are all significant factors influencing their bioactivity and toxicity. Efforts to enhance synthetic AMPs frequently seek to alter one or more of these factors, with varying degrees of success ( Najm et al, 2022a ). In this work, individual amino acids within the peptide were changed to create unique peptides utilising 20 distinct amino acids, with each residue replaced with each of the other 19 amino acids.…”

“…One of the main contributions to fish survivability is the epidermal mucus (EM), a shield against environmental biotic and abiotic factors. Our previous research isolated and synthesized two AMP from the skin mucus of A. testudineus and examined their effect on breast cancer cell lines ( Najm et al, 2022a , 2022b ; Alijani Ardeshir et al, 2020 ). ATMP1 showed significant anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) with a nonsignificant effect against skin fibroblast cell line (HS27) ( Najm et al, 2021 ).…”