A Systematic Review of Behavioral, Physiological, and Neurobiological Cognitive Regulation Alterations in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Ferreira, Sónia; Pêgo, José M.; Morgado, Pedro

doi:10.3390/brainsci10110797

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Research on problem-solving strategies in OCD is scarce, however, one study revealed no impaired problem-solving strategies in adults with OCD, measured using performance-based EF tasks [ 36 ]. Regarding emotion regulation, our findings are in line with evidence indicating that difficulties with emotion regulation is related to several psychiatric disorders in adults, including OCD, where it is often characterized by diminished reappraisal abilities and increased use of suppression strategies [ 37 ]. Our results expand this body of research by showing that overall EF deficits are not specific for OCD but extend to pediatric anxiety disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Everyday executive functioning in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic specificity, clinical correlations, and outcome

Rydqvist,

Hoff,

Daukantaitè

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) typically onsets during childhood or adolescence and difficulties with executive functioning (EF) may be involved in its onset and maintenance. Yet, few studies have examined everyday EF difficulties in youth with OCD and no study has compared EF in youth with OCD to EF in youth with anxiety disorders, leaving the diagnostic specificity of EF unclear. Methods In this study, parents of treatment-seeking children and adolescents with OCD (n = 96, Mage = 13.3, SD = 2.7, 59% girls) or anxiety disorders (n = 67, Mage = 14.0, SD = 2.6, 78% girls) reported on their children’s everyday EF using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) measure. Results Compared to community youth, the two clinical groups showed moderately elevated EF deficits but did not differ significantly from each other. EF deficits were not associated with the major symptom dimensions of OCD, age of OCD symptom onset, duration of OCD symptoms, and OCD severity, and did not predict treatment outcome in OCD. Conclusions Compared to peers, youth with OCD show moderate difficulties with EF, but very similar difficulties are seen in youth with anxiety disorders, and it is unclear whether these difficulties are of clinical relevance. Among youth with OCD, EF difficulties were not differentially associated with the major symptom dimensions of OCD, which is inconsistent with findings from adults. Difficulties with EF did not predict treatment outcome, indicating that integrating EF modules into OCD treatment may be of limited value, although EF may be important for treatment planning in individual cases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Everyday executive functioning in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic specificity, clinical correlations, and outcome

Rydqvist,

Hoff,

Daukantaitè

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Passive and repetitive focus on the problem (also referred to as rumination) worsens the emotional distress and may lead to depression (Hatzenbuehler et al, 2009 ; Miranda et al, 2013 ; Burton et al, 2018 ); therefore, rumination is a maladaptive strategy for dealing with psychological stress. Likewise, thought suppression (redirection of attention to other content) is considered maladaptive as it may impair memory (Richards, 2004 ) or lead to obsessive compulsive disorder (Ferreira et al, 2020 ). Concealment of a stigmatizing condition, albeit not immediately related to emotional regulation, is another non-productive strategy since it is associated with greater psychological distress (Quinn et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: About Stigma Stigmatizing Attitudes and Stigmatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Neuroscience to Fight Stigma Around Mental Health

Almeida

Sousa

2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Labels serve as identifiers and convenient descriptors of inanimate and animate objects. In humans, given labels can easily become part of an individual’s self-perceived identity. Negative labels ascribed to a person can result in internalized stigma, a state that will shape the subject’s biography. This can ultimately impact the person’s mental and physical health since perceived and/or anticipated stigma discourages the use of social and health services. Per definition, stigma involves labeling of persons with physical, mental, or social characteristics that do not match the observer’s arbitrarily conditioned and calibrated sense of norms (public stigma); such labeling may eventually become embedded in rules, regulations, and laws (structural stigma). Internalized stigma projects onto a person’s emotions and actions. Public (enacted) stigma results from stereotyping (collectively agreed-upon notions about a group of persons that are used to categorize these people) and devaluation, which subsequently leads to social distancing, discrimination, and blatant abuse of human rights. Much of what we know about stigma results from research in the psychosocial sciences and, more recently, from social neuroscience. The stigma around mental health has generated much attention in the field of psychiatry where, to date, most research has focussed on epidemiology and anti-stigma interventions. This essay intends to stimulate thought, debate, and research within the behavioral neuroscience community and, therefore, to inform evidence-based design and implementation of neuroscience-based approaches by other professionals working towards the elimination of the stigma attached to mental illness. The article starts by considering the concept of stigma and the psychological processes that give rise to the phenomenon; it also considers how projected and perceived stigma are multiplied. Finally, after a brief review of the few existing neuroscientific explorations of stigma, gaps in our knowledge of the neurobiological basis of stigma are identified and discussed.

show abstract

“…OCD is characterized by recurrent obsessive thoughts and intrusions (obsessions) and habitual behaviours (compulsions). These symptoms disturb patients' daily activity and affect their quality of life (Drubach, 2015;Ferreira et al, 2020). Around 1-3% of children experience OCD symptoms and unlike adult OCD, boys are more commonly affected by the symptoms than girls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter abnormalities in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies

Haghshomar

Shobeiri

James

et al. 2023

Brain Imaging and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microstructural alterations in white matter are evident in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) both in adult and paediatric populations. Paediatric patients go through the process of maturation and thus may undergo different pathophysiology than adult OCD. Findings from studies in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder have been inconsistent, possibly due to their small sample size or heterogeneous populations. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of white matter structures in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder and their correlation with clinical features. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic search on diffusion tensor imaging studies that reported fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, or axial diffusivity alterations between paediatric patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and healthy controls using voxel-based analysis, or tract‐based spatial statistics. We identified fifteen relevant studies. Most studies reported changes predominantly in the corpus callosum, cingulum, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corticospinal tract, forceps minor and major, and the cerebellum in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. These alterations included increased and decreased fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity, and increased mean and axial diffusivity in different white matter tracts. These changes were associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms. Moreover, specific genetic polymorphisms were linked with cerebellar white matter changes in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. White matter changes are widespread in paediatric OCD patients. These changes are often associated with symptoms however there are controversies in the direction of changes in some tracts.

show abstract

A Systematic Review of Behavioral, Physiological, and Neurobiological Cognitive Regulation Alterations in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Everyday executive functioning in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic specificity, clinical correlations, and outcome

Everyday executive functioning in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic specificity, clinical correlations, and outcome

Leveraging Neuroscience to Fight Stigma Around Mental Health

White matter abnormalities in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About