A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity

Ladwa, Meera; Hakim, Olah; Amiel, Stephanie A.; Goff, Louise

doi:10.1155/2019/7891359

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…An earlier study showed that insulin and C-peptide levels were increased in obese individuals compared to lean controls and suggested obese subjects have an impaired glucose homeostasis and exhibit prediabetic factors, including hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (26)(27)(28)(29). Glucagon levels were elevated in obese individuals (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

et al. 2020

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Several epidemiological and immunological studies indicate a reciprocal association between obesity/metabolic syndrome and helminth infections. Numerous studies demonstrated that obesity is concomitant with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is marked by vital changes in cellular composition and function of adipose tissue. However, the effect of helminth infection on the homeostatic milieu in obesity is not well-understood. To determine the relationship between Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection and obesity, we examined an array of parameters linked with obesity both before and at 6 months following anthelmintic treatment. To this end, we measured serum levels of pancreatic hormones, incretins, adipokines and Type-1, Type-2, Type-17, and other proinflammatory cytokines in those with non-diabetic obesity with (INF) or without Ss infection (UN). In INF individuals, we evaluated the levels of these parameters at 6 months following anthelmintic treatment. INF individuals revealed significantly lower levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and GLP-1 and significantly elevated levels of GIP compared to UN individuals. INF individuals also showed significantly lower levels of Type-1, Type-17 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and significantly increased levels of Type-2 and regulatory cytokines in comparison to UN individuals. Most of these changes were significantly reversed following anthelmintic treatment. Ss infection is associated with a significant alteration of pancreatic hormones, incretins, adipokines, and cytokines in obese individuals and its partial reversal following anthelmintic treatment. Our data offer a possible biological mechanism for the protective effect of Ss infection on obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

et al. 2020

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“…It is worth considering that the paucity of male participants in this area of the literature may have led to an overestimation of ethnic differences in insulin secretory response. 48 We found that the peripheral hyperinsulinaemia of our BA population was attributable to the ethnic difference in insulin clearance; furthermore, this difference persisted after adjustment for insulin sensitivity, hepatic fat content and insulin secretion rate. While insulin clearance was associated with IHL and whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity in WE men, these associations were absent in BA men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Two other adult non‐diabetic all‐male studies have examined ethnic differences in insulin responses 46,47 ; neither found increased insulin secretion in subjects of African ancestry compared with white subjects, consistent with our findings. It is worth considering that the paucity of male participants in this area of the literature may have led to an overestimation of ethnic differences in insulin secretory response 48 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Ladwa

Bello

Hakim

et al. 2020

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim To investigate relationships between insulin clearance, insulin secretion, hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in black African (BA) and white European (WE) men. Methods Twenty‐three BA and twenty‐three WE men with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index, underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp to measure insulin secretion and clearance, hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp with stable glucose isotope infusion to measure whole‐body and hepatic‐specific insulin sensitivity, and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify intrahepatic lipid (IHL). Results BA men had higher glucose‐stimulated peripheral insulin levels (48.1 [35.5, 65.2] × 103 vs. 29.9 [23.3, 38.4] × 103 pmol L−1 × min, P = .017) and lower endogeneous insulin clearance (771.6 [227.8] vs. 1381 [534.3] mL m−2 body surface area min −1, P < .001) compared with WE men. There were no ethnic differences in beta‐cell insulin secretion or beta‐cell responsivity to glucose, even after adjustment for prevailing insulin sensitivity. In WE men, endogenous insulin clearance was correlated with whole‐body insulin sensitivity (r = 0.691, P = .001) and inversely correlated with IHL (r = −0.674, P = .001). These associations were not found in BA men. Conclusions While normally glucose‐tolerant BA men have similar insulin secretory responses to their WE counterparts, they have markedly lower insulin clearance, which does not appear to be explained by either insulin resistance or hepatic fat accumulation. Low insulin clearance may be the primary mechanism of hyperinsulinaemia in populations of African origin.

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“…Aradillas-García et al found, however, that during childhood and adolescence, insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR exhibited a gradual increase with age [86]. This discrepancy in results may be due to multiple factors, including ethnicity [87] [88] [89] and confounding factors associated with aging such as obesity, decreased physical activity, medications and co-morbidities. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases…”

Section: Fernström Et Al Found An Inverse Association Between Homairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Diet Behavior on Insulin Resistance in Hypertensive Black Sub-Saharan Africans: A Multicentric, Cross-Sectional Study

Bernard¹,

Aliocha²,

Roger³

et al. 2020

WJCD

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Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the backbone of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The later are the most common non-communicable diseases globally. Diet is an important determinant of CVDs. The link between diet and cardiovascular health could be explained by an association between diet pattern and IR. Aims: To investigate the association between salt and specific food consumption as well as different diet patterns (Mediterranean, westernized, and intermediate dietary patterns) with HOMAIR as a surrogate marker of IR, and fasting insulin in Black, sub-Saharan essential hypertensive patients. Methods: The multicentric, cross-sectional analysis involved 77 Congolese Black hypertensive participants with no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h) was estimated from 24-hour urine collection. Dietary behaviours were evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) ≥ 2.5 was used as surrogate marker of IR. Results: A decrease in weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 29% (r = 0.292; p = 0.010), 24% (r = 0.242; p = 0.034) and 23% (r = 0.226; p = 0.048) of the value of HOMAIR respectively. In contrast, an increase in daily sodium chloride intake was associated with 28% (r = 0.283, p = 0.027) of the increase in HOMAIR. Also, a decrease in the average weekly consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 25% (r = 0.247; p = 0.030

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A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Influence of Diet Behavior on Insulin Resistance in Hypertensive Black Sub-Saharan Africans: A Multicentric, Cross-Sectional Study

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