A Systematic Review of Blockchain Technology to Find Current Scalability Issues and Solutions

Challenges of Using Blockchain in the Education Sector: A Literature Review

“…In this context, Park [8] argues that proof-of-work is the most challenging issue in the education sector. Therefore, due to its high electricity usage, the proof-of-work blockchain in education poses a risk to climate change and imposes a greater carbon footprint [55,56]. However, the blockchain platform type used in educational applications must be considered; for example, some solutions [15,16,19,33,40,41] used the Ethereum platform (see Table 2) because it offers a stable and secure solution for their needs.…”

“…As a result, immutability may limit the use of the blockchain for private student data, such as enrollment, diploma verification, and tests that require the right to remove [43]. However, several solutions have been proposed to solve this problem, such as the issuer offering a list of diplomas that have been revoked; the verification in this scenario is contingent on the issuer's availability [55]. Another solution in the Ethereum platform is offered through the use of smart contracts [48].…”

“…In this context, Park [8] argues that PoW is the most challenging issue in the education sector. Therefore, due to its high electricity usage in PoW, blockchain technology in education poses a risk to climate change and necessitates a greater carbon footprint [55,56].…”

Barriers Affecting Higher Education Institutions’ Adoption of Blockchain Technology: A Qualitative Study

“…[8,9] outlined several advantages of blockchain technology for education, including high security, improved access control, trust, affordability, identity verification, effective data management, interactivity, and system interoperability, as well as improvements to student assessments, career decisions, accountability, and transparency. Some HEIs have also used blockchain technology to help in the management of academic degrees and summative evaluation of learning results [10]. The full transcripts, including learning outcomes and content, academic accomplishments, university degrees, experience gained, competitions, and personal interests, can be securely and properly recorded and retrieved using blockchain technology [11].…”

“…This is because blockchain-based services improve and simplify management tasks when a verification process is required. [10]. Additionally, blockchain-based systems allow students to retain ownership and control over their acquired credentials, eliminating the need for an intermediary to validate them [12].…”