A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents

Ahun, Marilyn N.; Lauzon, Béatrice; Sylvestre, Marie‐Pierre; Bergeron-Caron, Cassi; Eltonsy, Sherif; O’Loughlin, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102838

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Regarding associations between baseline characteristics and smoking trajectory class membership, associations with age and cannabis use are in line with earlier research in the general population ( 38 , 39 ). A prospective investigation of first episode psychosis patients found cannabis use to be associated with lower smoking cessation rates, specifically in female smokers ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Differential trajectories of tobacco smoking in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with clinical outcomes

Schirmbeck

Ven²,

Boyette³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectivePeople at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking, and rates are even higher among the subgroup that later develop a psychotic disorder. However, the longitudinal relationship between the course of tobacco smoking and clinical outcomes in UHR subjects is unknown.MethodsWe investigated associations between tobacco smoking and clinical outcomes in a prospective study of UHR individuals (n = 324). Latent class mixed model analyses were used to identify trajectories of smoking severity. Mixed effects models were applied to investigate associations between smoking trajectory class and the course of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and affective symptoms, as assessed using the CAARMS.ResultsWe identified four different classes of smoking trajectory: (i) Persistently High (n = 110), (ii) Decreasing (n = 29), (iii) Persistently Low (n = 165) and (iv) Increasing (n = 20). At two-year follow-up, there had been a greater increase in APS in the Persistently High class than for both the Persistently Low (ES = 9.77, SE = 4.87, p = 0.046) and Decreasing (ES = 18.18, SE = 7.61, p = 0.018) classes. There were no differences between smoking classes in the incidence of psychosis. There was a greater reduction in the severity of emotional disturbance and general symptoms in the Decreasing class than in the High (ES = −10.40, SE = 3.41, p = 0.003; ES = −22.36, SE = 10.07, p = 0.027), Increasing (ES = −11.35, SE = 4.55, p = 0.014; ES = −25.58, SE = 13.17, p = 0.050) and Low (ES = −11.38, SE = 3.29, p = 0.001; ES = −27.55, SE = 9.78, p = 0.005) classes, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggests that in UHR subjects persistent tobacco smoking is associated with an unfavorable course of psychotic symptoms, whereas decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked is associated with improvement in affective symptoms. Future research into smoking cessation interventions in the early stages of psychoses is required to shine light on the potential of modifying smoking behavior and its relation to clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Differential trajectories of tobacco smoking in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with clinical outcomes

Schirmbeck

Ven²,

Boyette³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…We found four systematic reviews for depression and tobacco in youth. 9-11 20 The most recent of these reviews 20 included studies up to 1 November 2018. So, in order to be comprehensive, we also collected depression cohort studies from 2018 onwards.…”

Section: Publication Dates Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per table 2, one of the four systematic reviews only focused on youth from the USA and Canada, 11 while the other three did not have geographical constraints. Cairns et al 9 and Chaiton et al 10 specified a target population age range, while Esmaeelzadeh et al 11 and Ahun et al 20 broadly referred to 'youth'. All reviews examined a variety of tobacco and psychological measures, and all four examined the relationship between tobacco and depression; whereas, only Esmaeelzadeh et al 11 and Ahun et al 20 also examined the relationship between tobacco and anxiety.…”

Section: Overview Of Included Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cairns et al 9 and Chaiton et al 10 specified a target population age range, while Esmaeelzadeh et al 11 and Ahun et al 20 broadly referred to 'youth'. All reviews examined a variety of tobacco and psychological measures, and all four examined the relationship between tobacco and depression; whereas, only Esmaeelzadeh et al 11 and Ahun et al 20 also examined the relationship between tobacco and anxiety. None of the other psychological disorder categories were evaluated.…”

Section: Overview Of Included Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth: an international review

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo investigate reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth.Design: ReviewData sourcesFive databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO) on 26 September 2019 and updated on 11 May 2021, indexing tobacco, mental illness and longitudinal.Study selection: Methods used consensus and multiple reviewers.InterventionsCohort studies (n=49) examining tobacco and selected psychological disorders (depression, anxiety, bipolar, psychosis, borderline personality disorder) among youth, and systematic reviews (n=4) of these relationships met inclusion criteria.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEffect of tobacco on psychological disorders and effect of psychological disorders on tobacco.Data extraction and synthesisIndependent extraction by the first author and checked by final author. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used for all studies.Included studies had moderate-to-high appraisal scores. We synthesised findings using vote counting for effect direction and descriptive data.ResultsFifty-three studies were included in the review. Thirteen of 15 studies showed a positive effect direction of tobacco on depression (p<0.001). Six of 12 studies showed a positive effect direction of depression on tobacco (p=0.016). Six of eight studies showed a positive effect direction of tobacco on anxiety (p=0.016). Eleven of 18 studies showed a positive effect direction of anxiety on tobacco (p=0.003). No effect between tobacco and bipolar, or tobacco and psychosis was found. No studies examined tobacco and borderline personality disorder.ConclusionsReciprocal relationships existed between tobacco and both depression and anxiety for youth, though causality is unconfirmed. No positive effect direction was found between tobacco and psychosis, perhaps because nicotine has conflicting effects on psychosis. For other relationships examined, evidence was weak because of low number of studies. More research to inform prevention and early intervention is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020150457.

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“…O aumento no risco do aparecimento do câncer de boca devido aos fatores ambientais, principalmente os relacionados ao estilo de vida, como o tabagismo, o etilismo e a exposição solar inadequada são bem conhecidos na comunidade científica, entretanto, o conhecimento sobre a importância desses fatores diminui em diversos estratos da população [5][6][7] . Ademais, gera preocupação o fato de que o contato dos adolescentes com fatores ambientais e hábitos nocivos à saúde, como o tabagismo e o etilismo tem ocorrido de forma cada vez mais precoce 8,9 .…”

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Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de escolares do ensino médio sobre o câncer bucal

et al. 2021

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O conhecimento da relação entre o câncer de boca e fatores relacionados ao estilo de vida, como o tabagismo, etilismo e a exposição solar são conhecidos na comunidade científica, entretanto, este conhecimento também deve ser disseminado nos diversos estratos da população. Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento de escolares do 3º ano do ensino médio de um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo sobre o câncer de boca. Método: Estudo transversal com 1012 escolares da rede pública de ensino de Araçatuba-SP, Brasil. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado contendo questões sobre conhecimentos gerais; sintomatologia; fatores de risco; fatores de proteção; epidemiologia; prevenção e tratamento do câncer de boca. Os dados foram processados e analisados com auxílio do programa EpiInfo versão 7.2. A maioria dos alunos (93,9%) havia ouvido falar sobre o câncer de boca, entretanto, pouco mais da metade (60,1%) sabia que se trata de uma doença não transmissível. Apenas 61% consideraram o fumo como o principal fator de risco e somente 35,3% sabiam que a associação de fumo e álcool aumenta consideravelmente o risco de desenvolver a doença. Poucos escolares (39,2%) afirmaram ter conhecimento do autoexame de boca. O nível de conhecimento dos escolares sobre os fatores de risco e prevenção do câncer de boca foi baixo. O desconhecimento do autoexame é preocupante, pois esse procedimento pode contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce da doença, aumentando a sobrevida do paciente.

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A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Differential trajectories of tobacco smoking in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with clinical outcomes

Differential trajectories of tobacco smoking in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with clinical outcomes

Investigating the reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth: an international review

Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de escolares do ensino médio sobre o câncer bucal

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