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ObjectivesVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are innovative technologies that have a wide range of potential applications in the health care industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the body of research on AR and VR applications in rhinology by performing a scoping review.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and Embase.Review MethodsAccording to PRISM‐ScR guidelines, a scoping review of literature on the application of AR and/or VR in the context of Rhinology was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.ResultsForty‐nine articles from 1996 to 2023 met the criteria for review. Five broad types of AR and/or VR applications were found: preoperative, intraoperative, training/education, feasibility, and technical. The subsequent clinical domains were recognized: craniovertebral surgery, nasal endoscopy, transsphenoidal surgery, skull base surgery, endoscopic sinus surgery, and sinonasal malignancies.ConclusionAR and VR have comprehensive applications in Rhinology. AR for surgical navigation may have the most emerging potential in skull base surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery. VR can be utilized as an engaging training tool for surgeons and residents and as a distraction analgesia for patients undergoing office‐based procedures. Additional research is essential to further understand the tangible effects of these technologies on measurable clinical results. Laryngoscope, 2024
ObjectivesVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are innovative technologies that have a wide range of potential applications in the health care industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the body of research on AR and VR applications in rhinology by performing a scoping review.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and Embase.Review MethodsAccording to PRISM‐ScR guidelines, a scoping review of literature on the application of AR and/or VR in the context of Rhinology was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.ResultsForty‐nine articles from 1996 to 2023 met the criteria for review. Five broad types of AR and/or VR applications were found: preoperative, intraoperative, training/education, feasibility, and technical. The subsequent clinical domains were recognized: craniovertebral surgery, nasal endoscopy, transsphenoidal surgery, skull base surgery, endoscopic sinus surgery, and sinonasal malignancies.ConclusionAR and VR have comprehensive applications in Rhinology. AR for surgical navigation may have the most emerging potential in skull base surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery. VR can be utilized as an engaging training tool for surgeons and residents and as a distraction analgesia for patients undergoing office‐based procedures. Additional research is essential to further understand the tangible effects of these technologies on measurable clinical results. Laryngoscope, 2024
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the educational utility of virtually augmented surgical navigation (VASN) in simulation training for endoscopic sinus surgery.Study DesignProspective trial using within‐subjects design.SettingSingle academic institution.MethodsOtolaryngology trainees (n = 15) were enrolled in a prospective trial of repeated measures. Participants performed unilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on a 3‐dimensional‐printed sinus model without instruction. Participants then underwent educational intervention incorporating VASN tools—featuring anatomic overlay delineations, virtual planning points, proximity alerts, digital measurements, as well as artificial intelligence‐generated endoscopic viewpoints. With the VASN tools activated, participants then performed FESS on the contralateral side of the model. Primary outcomes of interest included number of major complications, time to complete anterior fess, steps completed, and technical skills score. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe participant characteristics and bivariate analysis were used to evaluate differences in subjective and objective outcome measures.ResultsA majority (93%) of residents strongly agreed that simulation intervention improved their confidence in surgical skills related to FESS. Complications decreased from 13 instances to 3 following interventions. Initial technical skills score of 45.2 increased to 54.4 postintervention (P < .0001) and global score also improved by 4.6 points on average (P < .001). Time to anterior FESS decreased from 1356 to 915 seconds (P = .006) and average number of completed surgical steps increased from 3.3 to 4.6 (P < .001).ConclusionThis simulation study contributes to growing evidence supporting utility of advanced technology in surgical education. Results suggest that VASN serves as a beneficial adjunct in FESS simulation training.
Objective Our aim is to describe the location and course of the greater palatine canal (GPC) by analyzing its relationship with anatomical landmarks that can be used during endoscopic sinus surgery. This information might help prevent injury to the neurovascular bundle. Methods A retrospective evaluation of paranasal sinus CT scans of 100 consecutive random patients, 200 sides, was performed. Five measurements related to the course of the GPC were conducted, from cranial to caudal. The anatomical landmarks were the inferior bony border of the sphenopalatine foramen to the cranial entrance of the GPC, the distance from the most dorsal, and inferior bony insertion of the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate bones to the anterior margin of the GPC. The angle between the horizontal palatine bone and the GPC, its length, and the prevalence of osteophytes in GPC was also assessed. Results The mean distance of the inferior border of the sphenopalatine foramen to the cranial entrance of the GPC was 9.39 ± 1.72 mm. The mean distance of the dorsal insertion of the middle turbinate to the anterior margin of the GPC was 3.89 ± 0.93 mm. The distance of the dorsal insertion of the inferior turbinate to the anterior margin of the GPC was 3.16 ± 0.81 mm. The mean angle between the horizontal palatine bone and the GPC was 114.33 ± 10.92º and the mean length of the GPC was 30.23 ± 3.74 mm. None of the measurements showed a significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions The landmarks used are easy to locate and assess on CT scans. These findings may help to make dissection safer in pathologies related to the pterygopalatine fossa, lateral sphenoid sinus or adjacent skull base.
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