A Systematic Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in the Stomach and Small Intestine

Palmada, Nadun; Hosseini, Saeed; Avci, Recep; Cater, John; Suresh, V.; Cheng, Leo K.

doi:10.3390/app13106092

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The stomach model has two openings where additional boundary conditions are needed—at the fundus and at the duodenum (labelled ‘A’ and ‘B’ in figure 3 , respectively). All recent computational models of the stomach incorporate antral wall motility [ 45 ]; however, gastric tone, which is the primary driver for emptying, has not been incorporated in most models. In the current study, we incorporate the effect of gastric tone and thereby include the two key biomechanical mechanisms for the gastric phase of digestion—antral motility and gastric tone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico modelling of the effect of pyloric intervention procedures on gastric flow and emptying in a stomach with gastroparesis

Kuhar,

Seo,

Pasricha

et al. 2024

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Pyloric interventions are surgical procedures employed to increase the gastric emptying rate in gastroparesis patients. In this study, we use an in silico model to investigate the consequences of pyloric intervention on gastric flow and emptying for two phenotypes of gastroparesis: antral hypomotility and decreased gastric tone. The transpyloric pressure gradient predicted by the in silico model, based on viscous fluid flow equations, is compared against in vivo measurements. Both phenotypes exhibit a similar pre-procedural emptying rate reduction, but after pyloric surgery, antral hypomotility case with preserved gastric tone shows significant improvements in emptying rates, up to 131%, accompanied by bile reflux from the duodenum into the stomach. Conversely, severely reduced gastric tone cases exhibited a post-procedural reduction in the net emptying rate due to the relatively larger bile reflux. In cases with a combination of antral hypomotility and reduced gastric tone, post-procedural improvements were observed only when both conditions were mild. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the relative increase in pyloric orifice diameter in determining post-operative emptying rates. The study suggests a possible explanation for the selective response of patients toward these procedures and underscores the potential of in silico modelling to generate valuable insights to inform gastric surgery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico modelling of the effect of pyloric intervention procedures on gastric flow and emptying in a stomach with gastroparesis

Kuhar,

Seo,

Pasricha

et al. 2024

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“… 2006 ; Panda and Buist 2019 ), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (Ferrua and Singh 2010 ; Palmada et al. 2023 ) and fluid–structure interactions (FSI) (Toniolo et al. 2023 ; Zhang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical experimentation of the gastrointestinal tract: a systematic review

Durcan,

Hossain,

Chagnon

et al. 2023

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The gastrointestinal (GI) organs of the human body are responsible for transporting and extracting nutrients from food and drink, as well as excreting solid waste. Biomechanical experimentation of the GI organs provides insight into the mechanisms involved in their normal physiological functions, as well as understanding of how diseases can cause disruption to these. Additionally, experimental findings form the basis of all finite element (FE) modelling of these organs, which have a wide array of applications within medicine and engineering. This systematic review summarises the experimental studies that are currently in the literature (n = 247) and outlines the areas in which experimentation is lacking, highlighting what is still required in order to more fully understand the mechanical behaviour of the GI organs. These include (i) more human data, allowing for more accurate modelling for applications within medicine, (ii) an increase in time-dependent studies, and (iii) more sophisticated in vivo testing methods which allow for both the layer- and direction-dependent characterisation of the GI organs. The findings of this review can also be used to identify experimental data for the readers’ own constitutive or FE modelling as the experimental studies have been grouped in terms of organ (oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or rectum), test condition (ex vivo or in vivo), number of directions studied (isotropic or anisotropic), species family (human, porcine, feline etc.), tissue condition (intact wall or layer-dependent) and the type of test performed (biaxial tension, inflation–extension, distension (pressure-diameter), etc.). Furthermore, the studies that investigated the time-dependent (viscoelastic) behaviour of the tissues have been presented.

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“…CFD can simulate the motility and geometry of the intestinal system. The flow patterns in the digestion process have been examined by some developed CFD models to study fundamental mechanisms, including 2D (two-dimensional) CFD [7][8][9] and 3D (three-dimensional) CFD [10][11][12][13] models. The behavior of Newtonian fluids has been studied by Ferrua and Singh [13] for gastric flow by a CFD simulation, allowing the prediction and visualization of the flow patterns, shear stresses, and shear rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Flow in an Intestinal Peristaltic System: Combining In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

Liu,

Zhong,

Fletcher

et al. 2023

Fluids

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Transport and mixing in the gastric duct occur via peristaltic flow. In vivo data are hard to collect and require strict ethical approval. In contrast, both in vitro and in silico studies allow detailed investigation and can be constructed to answer specific questions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a new elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) intestine model and to compare the flow patterns observed experimentally with those predicted by a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulation. Here, we present complementary studies that allow feedback to improve both techniques and provide mutual validation. The experimental work provides direct measurement of mixing, and the simulation allows the experimental setup to be studied to determine the impacts of various parameters. We conclude by highlighting the utility of this approach.

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A Systematic Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in the Stomach and Small Intestine

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

In silico modelling of the effect of pyloric intervention procedures on gastric flow and emptying in a stomach with gastroparesis

In silico modelling of the effect of pyloric intervention procedures on gastric flow and emptying in a stomach with gastroparesis

Mechanical experimentation of the gastrointestinal tract: a systematic review

Simulating Flow in an Intestinal Peristaltic System: Combining In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

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