A Systematic Review of Dynamic, Kinematic, and Muscle Activity during Gymnastic Still Rings Elements

Abstract

Still rings are a unique gymnastics apparatus allowing for a combination of dynamic and static elements in a specific technique. This review aimed to compile the dynamic, kinematic, and EMG characteristics of swing, dismount, handstand, strength, and hold elements on still rings. This systematic review was conducted in concordance with PRISMA in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In total, 37 studies were included, describing the strength and hold elements, the kip and swing elements, swing through or to handstand, and dismounts. The current evidence suggests that the execution of gymnastics elements on still rings and training drills requires a high training load. Specific preconditioning exercises could be used to train for the Swallow, iron cross, and support scale. Negative impacts of load during hold elements can be reduced by special support devices such as the Herdos or support belts. Another aspect is improving strength prerequisites by exercises such as bench presses, barbell exercises, and support belts, where the main focus should be on muscular coordination similar to the other considerable elements. Electromyography is an appropriate tool for the investigation of muscular coordination and force platforms for assessing a sufficient strength level to successfully perform elements on still rings.

Tecnologia e esporte: o desenvolvimento dos aparelhos da Ginástica Artística e sua influência no Brasil

“…Na segunda metade do século XX, as cordas naturais que sustentavam as argolas foram substituídas por cabos de aço e fitas de fibra sintética, o que oferece maior resistência ao conjunto. A modernização do sistema, que incluiu o "dispositivo de amortecimento elástico" (FIGURA 2), foi desenvolvida com o intuito de trazer mais segurança para os ginastas, especialmente para as articulações dos ombros 26 . A nova configuração das argolas permitiu o desenvolvimento de diferentes elementos com rotação no eixo transversal, como Guczoghy/ O'Neill i e Yamawaki/Jonasson, bem como saídas mais complexas, incluindo triplos mortais, o que modificou sensivelmente o perfil dos ginastas e os protocolos de treinamento 27 .…”