A systematic review of filler agents for aesthetic treatment of HIV facial lipoatrophy (FLA)

Jagdeo, Jared; Ho, Derek; Lo, Alex Hak‐Keung; Carruthers, Alastair

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.040

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…AFG is considered a safe procedure, and adverse events most often include transient pain and discomfort 14. Our patient has not experienced any adverse treatment effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Barraquer-Simons syndrome: a unique patient's perspective on diagnosis, disease progression and recontouring treatment

2016

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This case report describes a female patient diagnosed with Barraquer-Simons syndrome, a rare form of acquired partial lipodystrophy characterised by symmetrical loss of adipose tissue from face, neck, upper extremities and the trunk with onset in early childhood. Initial symptoms were seen at the age of 8 years. Our patient did not show signs of renal impairment and this may be associated with the syndrome. Treatment of lipoatrophy in these patients is limited to cosmetic restoration, and autologous fat grafting has shown sustained positive effects with no or very little loss of volume at follow-ups. Furthermore, the treatment has resulted in considerable improvements in her quality of life and daily functioning. She has not experienced any adverse effects. Accurate and early diagnosis is important, and clinicians should consider early intervention for these patients. Autologous fat grafting is recommended as a safe procedure.

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“…AFG is considered a safe procedure, and adverse events most often include transient pain and discomfort 14. Our patient has not experienced any adverse treatment effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Barraquer-Simons syndrome: a unique patient's perspective on diagnosis, disease progression and recontouring treatment

2016

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“…In addition, poly-l-lactic acid is less frequently associated with local infection and poor patient satisfaction, is more durable and may improve quality of life (QOL). Calcium hydroxyapatite, which is also FDA approved, and hyaluronic acid, among other products, are also used but have less supporting evidence 227 ; re-injection may be required within 1-2 years and can need further repetition 41,228 .…”

Section: Lipoatrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Koethe

Lagathu

Lake

et al. 2020

Nat Rev Dis Primers

152

144

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Adipose tissue accounts for ~20-30% of total body weight in non-obese or overweight persons and for up to 50% in individuals with obesity and is a primary energy store with important endocrine and immunomodulatory functions. Most adipose tissue depots are comprised of white fat, which is responsible for energy storage and release in response to food intake and energy demand. In humans, brown and beige fat are minor components of adipose tissue and can dissipate energy as heat. White adipocytes sequester dietary lipids in adipose tissue depots to serve as energy stores during periods of fasting and prevent toxic lipid accumulation in other tissues such as muscle, liver, pancreas and heart 1. In addition, white adipocytes have a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and respond differentially to physiological cues or metabolic stresses by releasing adipokines and lipokines that regulate energy expenditure, appetite control, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, immune function and tissue repair 2. Although adipose tissue is mainly comprised of adipocytes, it also contains mesenchymal stem cells (which can differentiate into adipocytes, myoblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts), immune cells (including M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells) and fibroblasts, in addition to blood vessels and nerves. Fat expands owing to excess energy supply either through hypertrophy (increased size of existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (the formation of new adipocytes from mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue). In obesity, hypertrophic adipocytes have different biochemical properties to smaller adipocytes, including increased lipolysis, inflammatory cytokine production and reduced secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin, that are also involved in insulin sensi tivity 1. Such alterations in fat depots predispose to ectopic lipid accumulation and the development of comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia, atherosclerosis and heart failure 2. During physiological ageing, fat is lost from lower limbs and increases in the trunk, alongside accumulation of senescent adipocytes that have altered adipogenic potential and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines 3. Fat alteration became a major concern in Western countries in the mid-1990s, when people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy

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“…Hydrogels, in the present study utilized as test substances, are primarily employed for soft tissue augmentation to reduce the signs of aging 31 , but also to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases 32,33 or after surgery 34 . However, recently the application of hydrogels as drug delivery systems, especially for targeted therapies of cancer or osteoarthritis, has been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous optical coherence tomography for longitudinal volumetric assessment of intradermal volumes in a mouse model

Schuetzenberger

Pfister

Messner

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Clinical evaluation of skin lesions requires precise and reproducible technologies for their qualitative and quantitative assessment. In this study, we investigate the applicability of a custom-built dermatologic OCT system for longitudinal assessment of intradermal volumes in a mouse model. The OCT, based on an akinetic swept laser working at 1310 nm was employed for visualization and quantification of intradermal deposits of three different hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel formulations-one commercial and two test substances. Hydrogels were applied in 22 BALB/c mice, and measurements were performed over a six-month time period. All hydrogels increased in volume within the first weeks and degraded steadily thereafter. The half-lifes of the test hydrogels (27.2 ± 13.6 weeks for Hydrogel 1, 31.5 ± 17.2 weeks for Hydrogel 2) were higher in comparison to the commercially available HA hydrogel (21.4 ± 12.0 weeks), although differences were not significant. The sphericity parameter was used for evaluation of the deposit geometry. While on the injection day the sphericities were similar (~0.75 ± 0.04), at later time points significant differences between the different test substances were found (T24: PRV 0.59 ± 0.09, Hydrogel 1 0.70 ± 0.11, Hydrogel 2 0.78 ± 0.07; p ≤ 0.012 for all pairs). This study shows the applicability of OCT imaging for quantitative assessment of the volumetric behavior of intradermal deposits in vivo. In the field of dermatology, dermatoscopy and histopathology are still considered the gold standard for skin examination. While the dermatoscope provides a high-resolution view of the skin surface in vivo, it does not give any information about deeper layers. Histopathologic specimen, on the other hand, offer the possibility for high-resolution morphological evaluation of all layers of skin tissue but require taking tissue samples, thus being invasive. Novel imaging approaches 1 like high-frequency ultrasound 2,3 (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) 4,5 , photoacoustic tomography 6,7 (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy 8 (PAM), reflectance confocal microscopy 9,10 (RCM) or multiphoton microscopy 11,12 (MPM) have gained increased attention, due to their benefits when compared to standard techniques. First and most importantly, they are non-invasive. This enables both, visualization of the unaltered tissue morphology and repetitive measurements of exactly the same

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A systematic review of filler agents for aesthetic treatment of HIV facial lipoatrophy (FLA)

Cited by 27 publications

References 83 publications

Barraquer-Simons syndrome: a unique patient's perspective on diagnosis, disease progression and recontouring treatment

Barraquer-Simons syndrome: a unique patient's perspective on diagnosis, disease progression and recontouring treatment

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Cutaneous optical coherence tomography for longitudinal volumetric assessment of intradermal volumes in a mouse model

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