A systematic review of methods for tissue analysis in animal studies on orthodontic mini‐implants

Abstract

Anchorage devices are increasingly used in orthodontics, and their clinical performance is directly dependent on the tissue response to these devices. This study aims to identify assessment parameters for evaluating tissue reactions around orthodontically loaded implants and to propose parameters to be included in a standardized method. Several electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane database) were explored for papers from January 1999 to December 2009. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement was used as a guideline for the methodology of systematic reviews. Twenty-five publications were selected from 123 potentially relevant abstracts. The selected studies mainly aimed to answer a clinical question and particularly the ability of immediate loading in orthodontics. Very few studies aimed to understand the healing mechanism around the devices leading to a lack of information on this topic. The most frequent combination of assessment methods was clinical evaluation, histology/histomorphometry and intravital bone labeling. Although the dog model is mainly used, pigs represent an interesting animal model, especially when studying devices in growing bone. Despite the extensive use of miniscrews in growing individuals, only few studies have included young subjects in their protocol. Moreover, in such studies, an oral hygiene program is absolutely necessary to avoid complications. Finite element analysis could improve the knowledge of the relationship between design and bone reaction; unfortunately, this elaborated method is complex and impossible to perform routinely. For standardization, the authors recommend to include specific criteria in study protocols when assessing tissue response to orthodontically loaded devices.

Biocompatibility of Temporary Anchorage Devices Using an in vitro Cell Culture Model

“…Although orthodontic miniscrews/TADs are widely used [15,16] data concerning the biocompatibility of these devices in human, animal, or cell culture models is very limited [17]. Materials placed in the oral cavity must be non-toxic to cells, must not illicit inflammatory responses, and must not be subject to corrosion or breakdown leading to the dissolution of metal or other ions into tissues and oral fluid [18].…”

Genetic influences on orthodontic tooth movement

“…The following articles were used profusely to guide this chapter and are highly recommended to readers that desire more in depth detail about specific topics: Davidovitch et al (1988); Davidovitch (1991); Zernick and Minken (1992); Isaacson et al (1993); Redlich et al (1999); Kerrigan et al (2000); Hall et al (2001); Karanth and Shetty (2001); Melsen (2001); Shimono et al (2003); Ren et al (2004); Mussig et al (2005); Yamaguchi and Kasai (2005); Davidovitch (2006a, 2006b); Masella and Meister (2006); Meikle (2006Meikle ( , 2007; Krishnan (2007); Pizzo et al (2007); Henneman et al (2008); Krishnan and Davidovitch (2009);Von Bohl and Kuiipers-Jagtman (2009);Zainal Ariffin et al (2011);Gritsch et al (2012); d' Apuzzo et al (2013); Patil et al (2013). The following articles were used profusely to guide this chapter and are highly recommended to readers that desire more in depth detail about specific topics: Davidovitch et al (1988); Davidovitch (1991); Zernick and Minken (1992); Isaacson et al (1993); Redlich et al (1999); Kerrigan et al (2000); Hall et al (2001); Karanth and Shetty (2001); Melsen (2001); Shimono et al (2003); Ren et al (2004); Mussig et...…”

Alveolar bone preservation subsequent to miniscrew implant placement in a canine model

“…The tissue reaction adjacent to temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has been subject to a number of studies. Many of the studies have been conducted on animals to assess the bone density and bone‐to‐implant contact using histomorphometric analyses . Most of these studies have been performed to identify factors of importance for the long‐term stability of TADs under loading .…”