A systematic review of pain assessment method in children

Alizadeh, Zeinab; Paymard, Akvan; Khalili, Arash; Hejr, Hossein

doi:10.4103/atmph.atmph_155_17

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…"Self-report" (29) is the primary way for pain measurement. There are various scales such as Verbal Rating Scales (VRS) (30), Numerical rating scales (NRS) (31), Visual Analog Scales (VAS) (32), Smiley-based Wong-Baker Scale (WBS) (33), Faces Pain Scales-Revised (FPS-R) (34) are used to get the selfreports from the chronic pain patients (35)(36)(37)(38). The second way of measuring pain is the "Observe behavior and infer" method (39).…”

Section: Pain Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pain Treatment and Digital Health Era-An Opinion

Rejula

Anitha

Belfin

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Pain Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pain Treatment and Digital Health Era-An Opinion

Rejula

Anitha

Belfin

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We used these two pain measurement scales for assenting the pain score in this clinical trial. [ 11 12 13 14 ] Numerous trials showed that it helped relieve pain by intravenous and intramuscular administration. [ 15 ] As reported by another study on the efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration with tramadol on post-tonsillectomy pain relief, use of tramadol increased the risk of nausea and vomit between 2 and 6 h after surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration with dexmedetomidine versus tramadol in comparison to placebo for pain control and sedation after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients: A randomized clinical trial

Modir,

Moshiri,

Naghavi

2024

National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This article aimed to assess the efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration with dexmedetomidine-ropivacaine versus tramadol-ropivacaine for pain control and sedation after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial recruited 99 eligible children (4–8 years old) undergoing tonsillectomy and assigned to three block-randomized groups, receiving dexmedetomidine-ropivacaine (group A), tramadol-ropivacaine (group B), or placebo-ropivacaine (group C). The vital signs included blood pressure, heart rate, and SaO2 before anesthesia induction, during surgery at regular intervals until 24 h after surgery. The duration of surgery and recovery, complications, and analgesic consumption were recorded and pain scores were measured by Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Oucher scales as well as sedation scores by the Wilson sedation scale. Data were analyzed within SPSS 20 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The lowest pain scores were measured by the CHEOPS scale in the dexmedetomidine-ropivacaine group (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference was observed in the CHEOPS pain score between the first two groups at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h after surgery (P < 0.01). The differences were revealed in the Oucher pain assessments among all groups from the time of recovery to four postoperative hours (P < 0.05), with the lowest in the dexmedetomidine-ropivacaine group whose sedation score was greater during recovery and 5 min after surgery (P < 0.05). Subjects in tramadol group had six cases of dizziness and nausea, while no side effects were observed in two other groups (P < 0.05). Only seven participants receiving dexmedetomidine required acetaminophen, but 29 in the tramadol group and all in the placebo group demanded to receive acetaminophen (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The authors concluded that dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine has better performance in local infiltration for intra- and post-tonsillectomy analgesia and postoperative sedation, without any special side effects (like the placebo group), and that it hence is recommended to be used for local infiltration during tonsillectomy.

show abstract

“…Currently, more than 40 multidimensional observational scales for assessing pain intensity have been developed, some of which have been adapted and applied to different populations and clinical settings. 3–6 Generally, these scales are combinations of specific distressing behaviors, including crying, facial expression, body movement, and more. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability ( FLACC ) scale was published in 1997 to assess postoperative pain in children and is currently one of the most commonly used scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability Scale for Pediatric Pain Assessment

Peng¹,

Qu²,

Du³

et al. 2023

JPR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose We performed this systematic review to summarize the psychometric properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability ( FLACC ) scale in pediatric patients in different settings. Methods Two investigators independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible studies through July 2021. We assessed the psychometric properties using the modified critical appraisal tool (CAT). Finally, we systematically reviewed the results of the included studies. Results A total of 15 studies were eventually included. The overall quality of each eligible study was low to moderate. The FLACC scale has been available in different versions and in different settings. Although eligible studies have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in assessing postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0 to 10 years from post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and inpatient unit, and in assessing procedural pain in pediatric patients aged 0.5 to 7 years from emergency unit, immunization center and PICU, mostly without test-retest analysis. Conclusion Although the absence of a gold standard of pain assessment, the currently available data support the usefulness of the FLACC from the perspective of criterion validity. Therefore, the FLACC scale can be considered for measuring observational pain in infants and children. However, further studies are still needed to provide more robust evidence.

show abstract

A systematic review of pain assessment method in children

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Chronic Pain Treatment and Digital Health Era-An Opinion

Chronic Pain Treatment and Digital Health Era-An Opinion

Efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration with dexmedetomidine versus tramadol in comparison to placebo for pain control and sedation after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients: A randomized clinical trial

A Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability Scale for Pediatric Pain Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About