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(EORTC QLQ-C30) in conjunction with the disease-specific Head & Neck Cancer Module (QLQ-H&N35).Outcomes and results: There were no significant differences between males and females on demographic and disease-related variables, except for the following: significantly more females lived alone and changed their employment status following surgery. Males had a significantly higher global health status/QOL than females (p<.05) and significantly higher levels of physical (p=.01), emotional (p<.01), cognitive (p<.05) and social functioning (p<.05). After adjusting for differences in living arrangements and change in employment status, differences in emotional and social functioning remained significant. There was a general trend for females to have higher symptom/impairment levels and to report more treatment-related problems but the majority of these differences were not significant.
Conclusions and implications:Following total laryngectomy, females appear to be worse affected in aspects of QOL than males. Emotional and social functioning are particularly vulnerable. The findings imply that rehabilitation programmes after total laryngectomy need to evaluate QOL and address these specific areas in order to improve patient-reported long-term outcomes.