A systematic review of questionnaires used to measure the time spent on family care for frail older people

Cès, Sophie; Almeida, Johanna Mello de; Macq, Jean; Durme, Thérèse Van; Declercq, Anja; Schmitz, Olivier

doi:10.1332/239788217x14937990731730

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…ICGs filled out the 12-item Zarit-Burden-Interview (ZBI-12) to assess the level of caregiver burden [22]. The cost of living at home, including time spent caring and use of formal care and support services was assessed by an ad-hoc economic questionnaire made for this study [23].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caring for a frail older person: the association between informal caregiver burden and being unsatisfied with support from family and friends

et al. 2019

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Background/objective although informal caregivers (ICG) find caring for a relative mainly satisfying, it can be difficult at times and it can lead to a state of subjective burden characterised by -among others- fatigue and stress. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between perceived social support and subjective burden in providing informal care to frail older people. Methods a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a large nationwide longitudinal effectiveness study. Pearson correlations were calculated between the variables for support and burden. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between being unsatisfied with support and burden, taking into account multiple confounding variables. Results of the 13,229 frail older people included in this study, 85.9% (N = 11,363) had at least one informal caregiver. Almost 60% of the primary informal caregivers manifested subjective burden, measured with the 12-item Zarit-Burden-Interview (ZBI-12). The percentage of informal caregivers that were unsatisfied with support from family and friends was on average 11.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being unsatisfied with support is associated with burden (OR1.85; 95%CI1.53–2.23). These results were consistent for the three groups of impairment level of the frail older persons analysed. Conclusions the association between perceived social support and subjective caregiver burden was explored in the context of caring for frail older people. ICGs who were unsatisfied with support were more likely to experience burden. Our findings underline the importance of perceived social support in relation to caregiver burden reduction. Therefore efforts to improve perceived social support are worth evaluating.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible explanation for the large correlation between the two variables could be that many cohabiting ICG filled out that they spent 24 hours per day on caring. Time spent caring is an important factor in determining the role of the ICG, as well as distance for non-cohabiting ICG [23,28].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caring for a frail older person: the association between informal caregiver burden and being unsatisfied with support from family and friends

et al. 2019

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“…Sometimes particular tasks are specified. The systematic review of activity lists by Cès et al (2017) found considerable variation in these, and suggested that in many cases, carers' time commitments to different activities were not being effectively measured, as studies take an uncritical view of time as quantifiable clock time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the annual American Time Use Survey (ATUS); Hamermesh et al, 2005) using prescribed time intervals or allowing a respondent to specify how long a particular task took, and questionnaires asking for example 'how much time do you spend each day on x?' (Cès et al, 2017). Advances in IT and statistics have allowed increasingly complex analyses of data so generated, including identification of patterns and exploration of influences on time use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methodological issues have also been discussed. Cès et al (2017) reviewed 19 examples of questionnaires that pre-define tasks, and identified omissions in the tasks listed, as well as potential for double counting and mis-counting of time. Bittman et al (2005) found that questionnaire data tended to over-estimate the amount of time devoted to care as compared with diary data: acknowledging that this finding was perhaps counter-intuitive, they suggested that data collection instruments need refining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time for care: exploring time use by carers of older people

2019

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AbstractThe paper focuses on temporal aspects of informal caring for older people. Limitations of large-scale surveys in capturing such data are noted and time-use methodology, despite its own limitations, is proposed as a promising alternative. Adopting a critical perspective on time that includes carers’ own conceptualisations, we report the findings of a qualitative study of carers’ time use. Sixty-two interviews with carers, male/female, co-resident/not co-resident, employed/not employed, and located across Great Britain were conducted. Analysis considered people's own diverse and ambiguous views of their care activities. Carers’ accounts of their time revealed non-linear experiences and a sense of being permanently on call. Interviewees often travelled distances to engage in support activities with or for older people. Changes over time were pervasive, increasing or reducing care requirements. Unanticipated events could precipitate radical changes in time use. Managing time, exercising temporal agency, was particularly apparent in accounts of care, employment, other family responsibilities and choices about friendship. Measurement of carers’ time use which draws on the conceptual foundation of carers’ own perspectives on time may provide more effective quantitative understanding of the temporal aspects of caring. It should not pre-define time, must grasp a variety of tasks, take account of intermittent activity, incorporate the 24–7 experience of many carers and demonstrate how caring time interacts with other time.

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Trajectories of family care over the lifecourse: evidence from Canada

et al. 2020

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In the midst of a 'care crisis', attention has turned again to families who are viewed both as untapped care resources and as disappearing ones. Within this apparent policy/demographic impasse, we test empirically theorised trajectories of family care, creating evidence of diverse patterns of care across the lifecourse. The study sample, drawn from a Statistics Canada national survey of family care, comprised all Canadians aged 65 and older who had ever provided care (N = 3,299). Latent Profile Analysis yielded five distinct care trajectories: compressed generational, broad generational, intensive parent care, career care and serial care. They differed in age of first care experience, number of care episodes, total years of care and amount of overlap among episodes. Trajectories generally corresponded to previously hypothesised patterns but with additional characteristics that added to our understanding of diversity in lifecourse patterns of care. The five trajectories identified provide the basis for further understanding how time and events unfold in various ways across lifecourses of care. A gap remains in understanding how relationships with family and social network members evolve in the context of care. A challenge is presented to policy makers to temper a 'families by stealth' policy approach with one that supports family carers who are integral to health and social care systems.

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A systematic review of questionnaires used to measure the time spent on family care for frail older people

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Caring for a frail older person: the association between informal caregiver burden and being unsatisfied with support from family and friends

Caring for a frail older person: the association between informal caregiver burden and being unsatisfied with support from family and friends

Time for care: exploring time use by carers of older people

Trajectories of family care over the lifecourse: evidence from Canada

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