A systematic review of recent asthma symptom surveys in Iranian children

Entezari, A; Mehrabi, Yadollah; Varesvazirian, M; Pourpak, Zahra; Moin, Mostafa

doi:10.1177/1479972309103884

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a review study the prevalence of asthma symptoms in different cities of Iran is reported in the range of 2.7% to 35.4%. Overall national prevalence is 13.14% [13]. This shows less prevalence of asthma symptoms in Yazd compared to national level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Asthma and Environmental Factors in Children

Mirzadeh

Kooshesh

Mehrara

2016

Acta Medica Bulgarica

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Summary. Asthma is one of the most prevalent atopic diseases in childhood. It is characterized by infl ammation of conductive airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Environmental factors introduced to child in early years of life may have a protective or harmful role in developing atopic diseases. To evaluate the infl uence of some environmental factors such as cat or dog ownership, smoking of mother or father and environmental pollution on prevalence of wheezing in children. Subjects and methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study. A questionnaire was designed based on International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Parents of the subjects were asked to fi ll in the questionnaires. Children's wheezing association with keeping cats and dogs, smoking mother and father and frequency of truck passing in place of residence was investigated. 545 children were recruited in our study. Prevalence of wheezing was 9%. Keeping cats in fi rst year of life and last year was associated with less wheezing. But the latter association was not statistically signifi cant. Keeping dogs was so scarce in area of our study, so we could not perform a rightful analysis. Frequency of truck passing was signifi cantly higher in those with wheezing. Keeping cats in fi rst year of life was a signifi cant protective factor, whereas residence in an area with frequent truck passing increased wheezing in children. Results of our study can emphasize the need to keep children away from polluted areas. Further studies are needed to investigate whether keeping a pet in household can benefi t children regarding all possible concerns and benefi ts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Asthma and Environmental Factors in Children

Mirzadeh

Kooshesh

Mehrara

2016

Acta Medica Bulgarica

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“…First, we noticed that speculations regarding the role of human salivary NGF-β as presented by Laurent et al (1), and in subsequent articles (3)(4)(5)(6), seemed inconsistent with current knowledge in this area and were based, in part, on extrapolations from studies in mice. In these animals, the submaxillary salivary gland produces high concentrations of NGF-β, thought to have important local and endocrine functions (7).…”

Section: Closing the Border On A New Frontier: The Problem With Salivmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The prevalence of major depressive disorder is increased significantly across adolescence (3). Regarding the high prevalence of asthma and mood disorders in adolescents in our area (3)(4)(5)(6), we evaluated the frequency of depression in adolescents with asthma in comparison to adolescents without asthma in the city of Zanjan, Iran.…”

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confidence: 99%

The High Prevalence of Depression Among Adolescents With Asthma in Iran

Ahmadiafshar

Ghoreishi

Ardakani

et al. 2016

Psychosomatic Medicine

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A recent study in Psychosomatic Medicine by Smith and colleagues (1) showed the effectiveness of expressive writing on lung function, quality of life, medication use, and symptoms in individuals with asthma. These findings suggest that cognitive and emotional processes might be involved in physiological demands associated with asthma. Therefore, behavioral and pharmacological interventions targeting psychological disorders could result in improved asthma control. Asthma and depression are two major health problems particularly in adolescence, with several impacts such as negative and poor school performance, and impaired social, work, and family functioning (2,3). The prevalence of major depressive disorder is increased significantly across adolescence (3). Regarding the high prevalence of asthma and mood disorders in adolescents in our area (3-6), we evaluated the frequency of depression in adolescents with asthma in comparison to adolescents without asthma in the city of Zanjan, Iran.Our study consisted of 1500 children aged 13 to 14 years who had been randomly selected by multivariate cluster sampling from 20 guidance schools of the city of Zanjan from March to July 2013. After written informed consent was provided by participants and their parents, the children completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (7) questionnaire modified for face-to-face interview. Asthma was defined as present if the participant reported the presence of a physician-based diagnosis of asthma, or if the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood revealed a) symptoms of dry cough with a duration of longer than two weeks, b) symptoms also occurring at night; and c) symptoms of wheezing or whistling sounds in the chest that were not attributable to the common cold or other diseases. The severity of asthma was assessed and classified into mild ("as waking up at night less than one night per week and no limitation in activity") and moderate to severe asthma ("as having wheezing attack in the last 12 months, sleep disturbance more than one night per week and limitation in speaking and activity.) The control group consisted of randomly selected classmates who did not suffer from atopy and asthma. The depression status and its severity in students with asthma and controls were measured by using the Beck Depression Inventory.Two hundred twenty-five (15%) students had asthma symptoms, with a prevalence of 13.7% and 16.2% in boys and girls, respectively. One hundred ninety-four (86%) adolescents had mild and 31 (13.7%) had moderate asthma. The frequency of depression among adolescents with asthma and controls was 61.8% and 36%, respectively ( p < .001). Major depression was found in 20% and 7.6% of asthmatic patients and controls ( p < .001). There was a significant correlation between severity of asthma and depression ( p < .001). The odds ratio (OR) for depression associated with asthma was 2.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96-4.21), which was higher in girls (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.54-7-44) than i...

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“…[20] In this regard, it is evident that the prevalence of asthma symptoms and in turn the average annual cost of asthma treatment has dramatically increased in recent years, which make significant economic burden for patients and their families. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost analysis of childhood asthma in Iran: A cost evaluation based on referral center data for asthma and allergies

et al. 2013

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Objective:Asthma as the most common chronic disease in childhood reduces the quality of life of children and their families. We aimed to estimate the cost of managing childhood asthma in Iran and to examine its variability depending on asthma severity.Methods:The cost of asthma was estimated by building a cost assessment model regarding the factors that influence the cost of asthma in children including age and sex distribution, prevalence of disease severity, level of resource utilization depending on disease severity (3 groups of controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled were defined). The model was comprised of both medical (cost of medication, physician visit and respiratory tests) and non-medical (transportation and hoteling) costs. Furthermore, the average family income in each category was figured and the share of asthma managing costs from the average income was calculated in different groups.Findings:According to model, the total cost of childhood asthma in Iran was around 516.5 million dollars. Moreover, direct medical cost represented 49% of the total costs, among which 66% accounting for medication cost. Direct non-medical costs were estimated 51% with the majority (93%) expended on transportation. In addition, the mean annual cost per child was approximately 466 dollars. In addition, the results indicate the vast majority of patients (46%) are categorized in the uncontrolled group.Conclusion:The cost of childhood asthma in Iran is extremely high comparing to the average income of Iranian families in all categories of asthma severity. Considering the high amount of transportation cost, the accessibility of asthma treatment does not appear to be acceptable. The major source of costs is found to be related to medicine expenditure. Since it has been proven that using medicine does not necessarily result in a well-controlled disease status, alternative approaches should be considered in asthma management.

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A systematic review of recent asthma symptom surveys in Iranian children

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Asthma and Environmental Factors in Children

Asthma and Environmental Factors in Children

The High Prevalence of Depression Among Adolescents With Asthma in Iran

Cost analysis of childhood asthma in Iran: A cost evaluation based on referral center data for asthma and allergies

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