A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with family related violence in refugee families

Timshel, Isabelle; Montgomery, Edith; Dalgaard, Nina Thorup

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.023

Cited by 134 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The level of childreported maltreatment was significantly higher in traumatized families than in non-traumatized families. This is consistent with research with waraffected families in post-conflict regions (Saile et al, 2014) and with refugee families in high-income settings (Timshel et al, 2017) indicating trauma exposure as a risk factor for increased child maltreatment. An intriguing finding is that children were at highest risk to present with PTSD symptoms and functional impairment when both parents did, whereas their risk was much lower when only one parent was highly likely to suffer from PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As the nuclear family constitutes the most proximal layer to the child, it is a powerful source of both risk and resilience for children's mental health (Betancourt & Khan, 2008;Punamäki, Qouta, & Peltonen, 2018). For instance, perceived parental support and family cohesion can protect refugee children from developing psychopathology (Fazel et al, 2012), whereas parents' own trauma can impair their parenting and, in turn, children's mental health (Timshel, Montgomery, & Dalgaard, 2017). Refugee children's stress reactions also appear to be related to their mothers' ability to cope with displacement (Ajdukovic & Ajdukovic, 1993;Ekblad, 1993).…”

Section: 布隆迪难民儿童及其父母的创伤后应激障碍和功能障碍的同时发病率和共病率mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and co-existence of morbidity of posttraumatic stress and functional impairment among Burundian refugee children and their parents

Scharpf

Kyaruzi

Landolt

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Although the family constitutes the prime source of risk and resilience for the well-being of children growing up in adverse conditions, the mental health of children living in refugee camps has rarely been investigated in conjunction with their parents' mental health. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems among Burundian refugee children and their parents living in Tanzanian refugee camps and to identify patterns of comorbidity among children and their parents based on PTSD symptom levels and functional impairment. Methods: We recruited a representative sample of 230 children aged 7-15 years and both of their parents (n = 690) and conducted separate structured clinical interviews. Latent Class Analysis was applied to identify patterns of comorbidity. Results: Children and parents were exposed to multiple traumatic event types. In total, 5.7% of children fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for PTSD in the past month and 10.9% reported enhanced levels of other mental health problems. 42.6% indicated clinically significant functional impairment due to PTSD symptoms. PTSD prevalence was higher among mothers (32.6%) and fathers (29.1%). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) revealed a familial accumulation of PTSD symptoms as children with high symptom levels and impairment were likely to live in families with two traumatized parents. Conclusions: Although the number of children who need support for trauma-related mental health problems was relatively low, taking into account parental trauma could aid to identify at-risk children with elevated PTSD symptom levels and impairment even in the face of existing barriers to mental health care access for children in refugee camp settings (e.g. lack of targeted services, prioritization of managing daily stressors).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: 布隆迪难民儿童及其父母的创伤后应激障碍和功能障碍的同时发病率和共病率mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and co-existence of morbidity of posttraumatic stress and functional impairment among Burundian refugee children and their parents

Scharpf

Kyaruzi

Landolt

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This explanation is plausible because parental PTSD might disrupt import ant adaptive systems, such as family support and secure parent-child attachment, which are important for refugee children's resilient adaptation to stress ful life circumstances. 5,21,22 Furthermore, apart from parental psychological distress contributing to harsh parenting, specific stressors, such as economic hard ships and insecurity in the community, might lead to impaired positive parent-child interactions in displaced populations. 23 The increased risk of psychiatric contact among descendants of parents with PTSD born after arrival in Denmark compared with descendants whose parents do not have PTSD supports the notion that parental PTSD affects the mental health of offspring who do not have experi ences of migration-related trauma themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of childhood psychiatric disorders in children of refugee parents with post-traumatic stress disorder: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study

Nielsen

Carlsson

Rimvall

et al. 2019

The Lancet Public Health

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Background Children of refugees are often exposed to the consequences of parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potentially leaving them vulnerable to intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. The present study aimed to determine whether parental PTSD is associated with childhood psychiatric morbidity among children of refugees. Methods This study is a two-generation nationwide cohort study using the Danish Immigration Services database. We followed up children younger than 18 years with at least one refugee parent until psychiatric contact, end of the study, their 18th birthday, emigration, or death. We excluded children if their parents were diagnosed only with psychiatric diagnoses other than PTSD or if they had received a psychiatric contact before parental PTSD diagnosis. Information on parental PTSD and offspring psychiatric morbidity was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the risk of psychiatric contacts among children of refugees with PTSD compared with children of refugees with no psychiatric diagnosis.

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“…Parental experience of traumatic stress may lead to a lack of consistency and stability in the family and has been associated with disconnected and insensitive parenting behaviour and harsh parenting styles [11,12,25,26]. Parental exposure to various forms of trauma has also been associated with an increased risk of violent behaviour and child abuse [27,28]. Previous studies have also shown that children of parents with PTSD often have insecure and/or disorganized attachment patterns [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental PTSD and school performance in 16-year-olds – a Swedish national cohort study

Berg

Charboti

Montgomery

et al. 2019

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Aim: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in parents can have severe consequences also for their children. Prevalence of PTSD is high among refugees. Refugee children have been reported to perform poorly in school. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PTSD in refugee and native Swedish parents on children's school performance and to compare the impact of PTSD with that of other major psychiatric disorders. Methods: Register study where multiple regression models were used to analyse school performance in 15-16-year-olds in a national cohort (n ¼ 703,813). PTSD and other major psychiatric disorders (bipolar, depression and/or psychotic disorders) were identified from out-and in-patient hospital care. Results: Maternal and paternal PTSD were associated with lower grades, with adjusted effects of 0.30-0.37 SD in refugee and 0.46-0.50 SD in native Swedish families. Impact of PTSD was greater than that of other psychiatric disorders and comorbidity to PTSD did not increase this impact. Although the impact of PTSD on grades was greater in children in native Swedish families, consequences with regard to eligibility to secondary education were greater for children in refugee families, where 35% of these children were ineligible. Conclusions: Parental PTSD has major consequences for children's school performance and contributes to the lower school performance in children in refugee families in Sweden. Identification and treatment of PTSD in refugee parents is important for offspring educational achievement. Psychiatric clinics and treatment centres need to have a strategy for support, including educational support, to the offspring of their patients with PTSD. ARTICLE HISTORY

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A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with family related violence in refugee families

Cited by 134 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence and co-existence of morbidity of posttraumatic stress and functional impairment among Burundian refugee children and their parents

Prevalence and co-existence of morbidity of posttraumatic stress and functional impairment among Burundian refugee children and their parents

Risk of childhood psychiatric disorders in children of refugee parents with post-traumatic stress disorder: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study

Parental PTSD and school performance in 16-year-olds – a Swedish national cohort study

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