A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners

Kakouris, Nicolas; Yener, Numan; Fong, Dyt

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001

Cited by 145 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The medial gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon unit (gMTU) is the largest but most vulnerable muscle–tendon unit in the body [ 1 , 2 ]. On the one hand, the gMTU plays an essential role in producing force, as well as in storing and releasing mechanical energy, for supporting the body weight and propulsion in the stance phase during walking, jumping or running [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Deng

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2021

Life

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This study aims to explore whether gender differences exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon unit (gMTU) in vivo. Thirty-six healthy male and female adults without training experience and regular exercise habits were recruited. The architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU were measured via an ultrasonography system and MyotonPRO, respectively. Independent t-tests were utilized to quantify the gender difference in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU. In terms of architectural properties, the medial gastrocnemius (MG)’s pennation angle and thickness were greater in males than in females, whereas no substantial gender difference was observed in the MG’s fascicle length; the males possessed Achilles tendons (ATs) with a longer length and a greater cross-sectional area than females. In terms of mechanical properties, the MG’s vertical stiffness was lower and the MG’s logarithmic decrement was greater in females than in males. Both genders had no remarkable difference in the AT’s vertical stiffness and logarithmic decrement. Gender differences of individuals without training experience and regular exercise habits exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU in vivo. The MG’s force-producing capacities, ankle torque, mechanical efficiency and peak power were higher in males than in females. The load-resisting capacities of AT were greater and the MG strain was lesser in males than in females. These findings suggest that males have better physical fitness, speed and performance in power-based sports events than females from the perspective of morphology and biomechanics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Deng

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2021

Life

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“…For instance, we could consider the example of Achilles tendinopathy, which is one of the commonest sports-related injuries ( Kakouris et al, 2021 ), with a yearly incidence of 7–9% and affecting approximately one third of runners ( Ackermann and Renström, 2012 ). Rahim and others ( Rahim et al, 2016 ) sampled 108 and 87 subjects with Achilles tendinopathy from South Africa and the United Kingdom, respectively.…”

Section: Sports Genetics/genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences

Sellami

Elrayess

Puce

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.

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“…Running-related injuries are a major subset of musculoskeletal complaints seen in sports medicine and primary care offices. The number of runners who will suffer a running-related injury are estimated to be as many as 30% to 50% (1,2). Having an expert grasp on the key points of gait analysis can simplify assessment of gait-related complaints and also aid the performance of running athletes.…”

Section: Background and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Gait Analysis and Biomechanics

DeJong¹,

Hatamiya

Barkley

2022

Curr Sports Med Rep

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Background and EpidemiologyRunning-related injuries are a major subset of musculoskeletal complaints seen in sports medicine and primary care offices. The number of runners who will suffer a running-related injury are estimated to be as many as 30% to 50% (1,2). Having an expert grasp on the key points of gait analysis can simplify assessment of gait-related complaints and also aid the performance of running athletes. AnatomyThe relevant anatomy and biomechanics of gait include the hip, knee, ankle, and joints of the foot. Neutral joint positions should be assessed with the patient in a comfortable relaxed standing posture. Neutral position presents the subtalar joint without pronation or supination, in vertical alignment from anterior superior iliac spine through patella and the second metatarsal. Normal ranges of motions for the other joints involved are as follows:

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A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners

Cited by 145 publications

References 70 publications

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences

Running Gait Analysis and Biomechanics

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