A Systematic Review of Secondary Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

Abstract

The rate of secondary CSF leaks was low due to advances in endoscopic repair techniques. Spontaneous and iatrogenic CSF leaks were more likely to recur, especially without adequate control of underlying factors, such as increased intracranial pressure and obesity. Further studies with consistent reporting are required for more definitive conclusions about secondary CSF leaks.

Closure of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage via Fistula at the Lateral Wall of the Sphenoid sinus using a Bone Pile

“…In this case, a multilayer reconstruction was performed, which included a collagen matrix laid against the dura mater as the first layer, bone pile fitted into the bone as the second layer, and a pedicle nasoseptal flap covering the bone as the third layer. Previously, for small defects, only soft reconstruction was performed with fascia or fat and rigid reconstruction was not recommended [7][8][9] . However, since spontaneous CSF leakage is related to chronic intracranial hypertension [2][3][4][5][6] , a strong reconstruction is preferable.…”

Middle Turbinate Friendly Technique for Cribriform Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair

“…However, repair failures in both groups are low in number and within the range of previously published studies. 17 Another limitation is selection bias—a single experienced tertiary care surgeon performed all the MTP leak repairs. The data likely reflect a learning curve and refinement of technique.…”

Closure of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakage via fistula at the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus using a bone pile

“…Despite various techniques reported for multilayer reconstruction of the skull base, small defects are typically reconstructed using fat or fascia, while rigid reconstruction has not been reported. 7 , 8 , 9 …”