A systematic review of study results reported for the evaluation of robotic rollators from the perspective of users

Werner, Christian; Ullrich, Phoebe; Geravand, Milad; Peer, Angelika; Bauer, Jürgen; Hauer, Klaus

doi:10.1080/17483107.2016.1278470

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the presented study, a special focus was placed on the design and the methodology to prevent the methodological shortcomings of previous studies on the user evaluation of RRs [24,25]. A specific impairment-related user group definition was provided that was based on standardized clinical observation and/or established, standardized and validated assessment methods; a reasonable number of adequate participants were recruited, representative of potential end-users of the MOBOT rollator; an "intra-device" comparative study design (i.e., activated vs. inactivated navigation system within the same RR) and an assessment strategy specifically tailored to the navigation functionality of the MOBOT rollator with highly specific outcome measures was used to document the specific effect of the navigation system, and the data obtained were analyzed by statistical methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The path included two freely accessible (i.e., no closed doors to be open to reach the destinations), not too long (≈45-to 55-m) sections within a closed environment (i.e., ground floor of the hospital) to increase the likelihood that participants reach the destinations if they are just persistent enough in their searching efforts. As the more specific, qualitative sensor-based outcomes parameters, which have been suggested to be most appropriate for demonstrating the added value of high-tech functionalities of RRs [24], could only be calculated in a standardized manner for participants successfully completing a section, we designed such a path on purpose in order to minimize the number of dropouts (e.g., due to frustration caused by ongoing disorientation) and to maintain an adequate sample size for these outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic review on the evaluation of RRs from the user perspective reported that RR-provided navigation assistance may have a positive impact on users' navigational performance. There is, however, limited evidence on the added value of such high-tech functionality due to methodological shortcomings related to nonspecific user group definitions, inappropriate selection of study populations, insufficient sample descriptions and sample sizes, inadequate assessment methods and study outcomes, and lack of statistical analysis [24,25]. Based on these findings, it was concluded that further studies with high methodological quality are needed to address these limitations and to obtain further evidence on the effectiveness of RR-integrated, innovative functionalities in the potential user group [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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User-Oriented Evaluation of a Robotic Rollator That Provides Navigation Assistance in Frail Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2017

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Background: Navigational skills decline with age, and this decline is even more pronounced in cognitively impaired (CI) older adults. Navigation assistance is an emerging functionality of robotic rollators (RRs). The evidence on the effectiveness of RR-integrated navigation systems in potential end-users is, however, scarce. Objective: To determine whether RR-provided navigation assistance improves navigation within a real-life environment in the intended user group of frail older adults with and without cognitive impairment currently using a rollator in daily life. Methods: A randomized, between-subject, 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted to test the effects of navigation assistance and cognitive status on participants' navigation performance. Twenty CI (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] 17-26) and 22 not cognitively impaired (NCI; MMSE >26) older rollator users (age 82.5 ± 8.7 years) were included. Participants were matched for cognitive status (CI vs. NCI) and randomized to one of two conditions: RR (1) with or (2) without activated navigation system. All participants had to complete a two-section navigation path with the RR in an unfamiliar, real-life environment. Participants with RR-assisted navigation were supported in wayfinding by directional audio cues of the RR-integrated navigation system. Participants without RR-assisted navigation had to complete the sections by orienting themselves along conventional signposts. Outcomes were success rate, completion and stopping time, number of stops, walking distance, and gait speed. Results: The navigation assistance condition had no significant effect on the success rate in the CI, NCI, or total group. We found significant interactions between navigation assistance and cognitive status for both sections (p = 0.002-0.040), such that RR-assisted navigation reduced the completion time (both sections), stopping time (section 1), and number of stops (section 2) in the CI (p ≤ 0.001-0.014) but not in the NCI group. On the more complex section 2, RR-assisted navigation led to a reduced stopping time and walking distance in the total group (p = 0.014-0.016). Conclusion: The RR-integrated navigation system was effective for improving navigation within a real-life environment in potential end-users, especially in those with cognitive impairment. This is the first study to provide statistical evidence on the effectiveness of an RR-integrated navigation system in the intended user group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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User-Oriented Evaluation of a Robotic Rollator That Provides Navigation Assistance in Frail Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2017

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“…On the other hand, exoskeletons are costly devices, making them inaccessible to many individuals (even organizations). In addition to exoskeletons, robot wheelchairs and walkers are being tested all over the world and may help people with lower functional abilities move around more easily in the near future (e.g., Goher 2016;Shiomi et al 2015;Werner et al 2018), enabling the user to shift from sitto-stand posture, for example (Goher 2016). Also, humanoid robots as walking partners have been tested in Japan with promising results for widespread acceptance (Karunarathne et al 2018).…”

Section: Interaction-based Sense Of Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Could robots strengthen the sense of autonomy of older people residing in assisted living facilities?—A future-oriented study

et al. 2019

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There is an urge to introduce high technology and robotics in care settings. Assisted living (AL) is the fastest growing form of older adults' long-term care. Resident autonomy has become the watchword for good care. This article sheds light on the potential effects of care robotics on the sense of autonomy of older people in AL. Three aspects of the residents' sense of autonomy are of particular interest: (a) interaction-based sense of autonomy, (b) coping-based sense of autonomy, and (c) potential-based sense of autonomy. Ethnographical data on resident autonomy in an AL facility and existing literature on care robots are utilized in studying what kind of assurances different types of robots would provide to maintain the sense of autonomy in AL. Robots could strengthen the different types of sense of autonomy in multiple ways. Different types of robots could widen the residents' space of daily movements, sustain their capacities, and help them maintain and even create future expectations. Robots may strengthen the sense of autonomy of older persons in AL; however, they may simultaneously pose a threat. Multi-professional discussions are needed on whether robots are welcomed in care, and if they are, how, for whom, and in what areas.

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“…51 It is especially difficult to compare our results to prior works regarding smart walkers or even other assistive devices due to the lack of standardization in methodology. 52 Works such as Wachaja et al 31 and Werner et al 53 presented objective and subjective metrics to evaluate guidance features in smart walkers, locally executing the control algorithms and focusing on the end-user point of view. Upcoming studies involving human-in-the-loop CPS could benefit from our results as stepping stones for new implementations.…”

Section: Lessons Learned and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Human-in-the-Loop CPS in Healthcare: A Cloud-Enabled Mobility Assistance Service

Mello¹,

Jimenez²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2019

Robotica

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SummaryDespite recent advancements on cloud-enabled and human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems, there is still a lack of understanding of how infrastructure-related quality of service (QoS) issues affect user-perceived quality of experience (QoE). This work presents a pilot experiment over a cloud-enabled mobility assistive device providing a guidance service and investigates the relationship between QoS and QoE in such a system. In our pilot experiment, we employed the CloudWalker, a system linking smart walkers and cloud platforms, to physically interact with users. Different QoS conditions were emulated to represent an architecture in which control algorithms are performed remotely. Results point out that users report satisfactory interaction with the system even under unfavorable QoS conditions. We also found statistically significant data linking QoE degradation to poor QoS conditions. We finalize discussing the interplay between QoS requirements, the human-in-the-loop effect, and the perceived QoE in healthcare applications.

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A systematic review of study results reported for the evaluation of robotic rollators from the perspective of users

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

User-Oriented Evaluation of a Robotic Rollator That Provides Navigation Assistance in Frail Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment

User-Oriented Evaluation of a Robotic Rollator That Provides Navigation Assistance in Frail Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment

Could robots strengthen the sense of autonomy of older people residing in assisted living facilities?—A future-oriented study

On Human-in-the-Loop CPS in Healthcare: A Cloud-Enabled Mobility Assistance Service

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