A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Adults With Intellectual Disability, 2003–2010

Buckles, Jason; Luckasson, Ruth; Keefe, Elizabeth B.

doi:10.1080/19315864.2011.651682

Cited by 123 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Studies report that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) develop mental illness at rates similar to or higher than the general population [1]. This is not surprising considering the risk factors they possess for mental illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version

Görmez

Kırpınar

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Aim/background: There is a lack of psychometric instruments to measure psychopathology in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). This may lead to underdiagnosis of treatable psychiatric comorbidities in this population. Psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disabilities (PAS-ADD) Checklist was developed as a screening tool designed for lay people. The PAS-ADD Checklist was created in English and was later on validated for other languages, including French and German. There is no psychometric measure available in Turkish to screen for or detect psychiatric symptoms in adults with ID. The aim of the present study was to present a psychometric evidence of the Turkish language version of the PAS-ADD Checklist. This is the first study aiming to present and validate a psychiatric screening instrument for adults with ID in Turkey. Methods: The Turkish version was developed by translation and back translation. The checklist and a structured purpose-designed socio-demographic form were administered to 151 adult individuals with ID of whom 71 were living in care homes, 80 at family home. They all underwent face-to-face psychiatric assessment through clinical examination. The Turkish version of the Checklist was compared with the original English and other language versions, and the psychometric properties were presented. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, factorial analysis and sensitivity/specificity were calculated. Results: The validity and reliability of the Turkish version seem acceptable with good psychometric properties. The item analysis of the total scale showed strong consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. Test-retest reliability for different items (rs: between 0.50 and 0.69) was better than inter-rater reliability (rs: between −0.15 and 0.75) which could be expected given that raters are non-specialist people. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the number of participants who did and did not cross threshold and for whom a psychiatric disorder was or was not present. The sensitivity was 78.7% and specificity was 78.8%. An explanatory principal component factor analysis was conducted on the Turkish version of the Checklist revealed six factors. This six-factor solution explained 54% of variance. The likely reasons for the findings are discussed. Conclusion: Overall, the Turkish version of the PAS-ADD Checklist is an acceptable generic screening tool considering the difficulty of detecting mental health problems in people with ID and the lack of Turkish screening instrument. The Turkish version of the PAS-ADD Checklist can be recommended as a general screening tool for psychiatric disorders in adults with ID. It will contribute to early diagnosis and management of mental health problems and therefore improve the quality of life of those with ID and their family/care givers. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version

Görmez

Kırpınar

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Reasons for such variation include, diversity in sampling frames, inconsistent definitions of both ID and psychosis, and differences in case ascertainment and assessment (Buckles et al 2013). As a general estimate, schizophrenia prevalence is often quoted as 3% in people with ID, compared with an approximately 1% lifetime risk in the general population (Perälä et al 2007).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Sheehan¹,

Fodor-Wynne²,

Hassiotis³

2015

Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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“…To start with, results of recent psychological data, both cognitive and social emotional, as well as information about developmental and family history have to be collected. Since, with the exception of mood and anxiety disorders, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with ID is comparable to that in the general population [20,21], instantaneous psychiatric labelling should be avoided. Instead, the diagnostic process should first continue with a functional analysis of the behaviour using detailed interviewing of primary care givers, preferably supported by video registration of the patient's behavioural repertoire.…”

Section: Phasing the Diagnostic Process Clarificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on all available data from the former phases complemented by information from most recent literature, a psychiatric diagnosis may be formulated in one of the following forms: (a) classic psychiatric disorder with or without an atypical symptom profile [21]; (b) syndrome-specific psychiatric disorder e.g. bipolar disorder in Prader-Willi syndrome [48]; (c) psychiatric disorder related to underlying somatic/ neurological suffering e.g.…”

Section: Clinical Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology Based Diagnosis and Treatment Selection in Intellectually Disabled People with Challenging Behaviours

Verhoeven¹,

Egger

2014

J. Intellect. Disabl. Diagn. Treat.

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Since both intellectual disability and challenging behaviour are entities encompassing heterogeneous clinical conditions and current taxonomies are of limited use in this field of psychiatry, diagnosing psychiatric symptoms in intellectually disabled patients is still very complex. In the diagnostic process of psychiatric symptoms and behavioural abnormalities, the first step should be genome profiling using the latest techniques in order to detect pathogenic CNVs or single gene mutations that are causative for the developmental delay. Their importance can be derived from the scientific observation that several genetic syndromes are associated with a specific behavioural, psychiatric, neuropsychological or neurological symptom profile, relevant for both choice of treatment and prognosis. Second, it has to be stressed that psychiatric disorders, especially from the depression and anxiety spectrum, frequently manifest with atypical symptoms that may hamper adequate pharmacological treatment. With respect to challenging behaviours in general, it should be emphasized that these are essentially dependent on contextual variables for which no rational pharmacological treatment is available and behavioural interventions are primarily warranted. Prescription of psychotropics has been demonstrated to be marginally effective only and to induce regularly unwanted side effects or even an increase of abnormal behaviours. It is therefore recommended to measure always the plasma concentration of psychotropics and antiepileptics and to perform, preferably prior to the start of treatment, genotyping of relevant cytochrome isoenzymes.In is concluded that, apart from the a priori genetic analysis, careful investigation of the here described data sources is needed to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis and treatment proposal.

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A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Adults With Intellectual Disability, 2003–2010

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version

The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Aetiology Based Diagnosis and Treatment Selection in Intellectually Disabled People with Challenging Behaviours

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