A systematic review of the impact of corruption in Latin America during the spread of the first wave of COVID-19

Moya-Espinoza, Jeel G.; Moya‐Salazar, Jeel; Chicoma-Flores, Karina

doi:10.1177/00258172221111689

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This analysis includes the reports for the years 2018 and 2019, however, the study variables may vary in recent years and may be subject to the political, economic, and social reality of Peru. Hence, this analysis must be continued and mainly carried out after the years of lockdown due to COVID-19 since the budgets, the care of affiliates, the economic changes and the budgets assigned to counteract this disease [29], the political and social problems [30], changes in the regulation of SIS and inequality may have had a drastic change post-conflict [31]. Another limitation is that the analysis did not differentiate by sex or age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality in the distribution of resources and health care in the poverty quintiles: Evidence from Peruvian comprehensive health insurance 2018-2019

Huarachi,

Lozano-Zanelly,

Acosta

et al. 2024

ELECTRON J GEN MED

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Introduction: In many regions of the world, healthcare is inequitable and limited, affecting poor populations who need greater health opportunities. Given that Peru’s comprehensive health insurance (SIS) seeks to enhance its coverage for the entire population, it is important to know if its coverage benefits the poorest populations. Objectives: To determine the allocation of SIS resources and care to the poorest quintile during 2018 and 2019 in Peru. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from five Peruvian technical institutions. In 39,8207 Peruvian households, we analyzed the per capita budget assigned to the population affiliated with SIS in microregions of quintile 1 and quintile 2 (poor), and quintile 4 and quintile 5 (non-poor), health coverage, and the level of poverty considering the human development index (HDI) and the regional competitiveness index (RCI). Results: The poorest regions are inversely correlated with HDI and RCI and have an average service of 25.0% affiliates. In poor areas, the allocated budget was lower (approximately $303,000 to $2.2 million), but the proportion of members requiring care was higher (>70.0%). The budget allocated to health was unfair (p<0.05) between poor areas (maximum resources from $96.28 to $108.14) and non-poor areas (maximum resources from $150.00 to $172.43). Low budget allocations and low household per capita income contributed to poverty in quintile 1 and quintile 2 (p<0.01). Conclusions: the poorest regions have greater inequity and the majority of affiliates do not use or do not have access to SIS services, but they have a greater need for health care. In addition, poor regions have a high amount of population without SIS coverage, and low allocated budgets, which affects competitiveness and regional development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality in the distribution of resources and health care in the poverty quintiles: Evidence from Peruvian comprehensive health insurance 2018-2019

Huarachi,

Lozano-Zanelly,

Acosta

et al. 2024

ELECTRON J GEN MED

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“…, 2022) violence and insecurity (Chainey et al. , 2021; Ungar, 2013), entrepreneurship (Lecuna and Chávez, 2018) and more recently in the context of the crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic (Moya-Espinoza et al. , 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutionalization of corporate bribery: a measurement proposal with evidence from a Latin American sample

Yepes-López,

Camarena,

Cruz-Pulido

et al. 2023

ARLA

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PurposeThis article aims to report on the development and validation of a bribery measurement index for the business sector, which, based on institutional theory, seeks to overcome the limitations of traditional measurements, recognizing the dynamics that originate the phenomenon and identifying process components.Design/methodology/approachTo construct the index, correlational and principal component analysis techniques were used, as well as rigorous statistical tests, validating the instrument in a sample of 2,963 companies in Latin America, including Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru.FindingsThe result was an instrument composed of two dimensions: (1) anti-bribery game rules, composed of regulations knowledge and anti-bribery efforts, and (2) bribery as a perceived habit, allowing an objective representation of reality due to its internal consistency, concurrent and discriminant validity.Practical implicationsThis instrument is one of the few that focuses on measuring bribery in the business sector in terms of corrupt practices, applicable for both public and private institutions to promote game rules against bribery. Additionally, the proposed theoretical model can be used to measure other phenomena with similar characteristics.Originality/valueThis article empirically highlights different variables that make bribery possible. The results can be helpful in the design of strategies to prevent this type of behavior. It also highlights the importance of designing mechanisms to record information related to bribery and the different expressions of corruption in order to explain its different nuances.

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The End of Life Accompanied by COVID-19: A Qualitative Study on Changes in Behavior and Stigmatization of the Grieving Families in Peru (Part II)

Moya-Salazar,

Cañari,

Zuñiga

et al. 2023

Omega (Westport)

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The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to changes in every aspect of life and death. In Peru, where the longest quarantine has occurred with suboptimal results, the rituals have been turned around, impacting the relatives in multiple aspects. Here, we used a qualitative approach to analyze unresolved grief, hygiene changes, and stigma through semi-structured, online (Google Meet) interviews with 15 participants aged 20–72, who had lost family members to COVID-19. The recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Most participants had unresolved grief due to the blocking of funeral rituals, which could predispose them to prolonged mourning. After the loss of relatives, hygiene measures will be improved to avoid infections and new deaths in every family, while most participants felt no stigma in their milieu, since their relatives accompanied them during the funeral, supporting them from afar. It is important that interventions are implemented to prevent the progression of grief by providing mental health opportunities for the bereaved.

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A systematic review of the impact of corruption in Latin America during the spread of the first wave of COVID-19

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Inequality in the distribution of resources and health care in the poverty quintiles: Evidence from Peruvian comprehensive health insurance 2018-2019

Inequality in the distribution of resources and health care in the poverty quintiles: Evidence from Peruvian comprehensive health insurance 2018-2019

Institutionalization of corporate bribery: a measurement proposal with evidence from a Latin American sample

The End of Life Accompanied by COVID-19: A Qualitative Study on Changes in Behavior and Stigmatization of the Grieving Families in Peru (Part II)

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