A systematic review of the effects of oleoylethanolamide, a high‐affinity endogenous ligand of PPAR‐α, on the management and prevention of obesity

Abstract

Along with an increase in overweight and obesity among all age groups, the development of efficacious and safe anti‐obesity strategies for patients, as well as health systems, is critical. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a high‐affinity endogenous ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), plays important physiological and metabolic actions. OEA is derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, which has beneficial effects on body composition and regional fat distribution. The role of OEA in the modulation of food consumption and weight management makes it an attractive molecule requiring further exploration in obesogenic environments. This systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of OEA on the obesity management, with emphasizing on its physiological roles and possible mechanisms of action in energy homeostasis. We searched PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and EMBASE up until September 2019. Out of 712 records screened, 30 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here indicates that OEA, an endocannabinoid‐like compound, leads to satiation or meal termination through PPAR‐α activation and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36. Additionally, the lipid‐amide OEA stimulates fatty acid uptake, lipolysis, and beta‐oxidation, and also promotes food intake control. OEA also exerts satiety‐inducing effects by activating the hedonic dopamine pathways and increasing homeostatic oxytocin and brain histamine. In conclusion, OEA may be a key component of the physiological system involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption and energy homeostasis; therefore, it is suggested as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of obesity.

X-Linked Immunodeficient Mice With No Functional Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Are Protected From Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Failure

“…Degradation of the immediate precursor lyso-PAF is probably a result of its increased transformation to PAF ( 63 ). The decreased levels of the lipid-amide OEA are probably a compensatory mechanism in sepsis-related weight loss and disturbed energy balance, because OEA is a modulator in food consumption and weight management and actually leads to satiation or meal termination ( 64 ). Even the restoration of the reduced bile acid TDCA and the elevated amino acid DOPA seems to be a positive regulatory mechanism.…”

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

“…In this context OEA is considered an endocannabinoid-like lipid, which interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and intervenes during the anti-inflammatory processes [ 73 ].…”

“…In view of the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β in COVID-19 patients via binding to the TLRs, an important components of the innate immune system, it is assumed that OEA inhibits this pathway through its anti-inflammatory properties [ 75 ]. OEA binds with high affinity to PPAR-α receptors and increases the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10, then initiates a cascade of events, which can attenuate the inflammatory responses [ 73 ]. Furthermore, OEA attenuates the inflammatory responses modulating the expression of TLR-4, and interfering with the ERK1/2/AP-1/STAT3 signaling cascade [ 73 ].…”

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

“…Previous studies have indicated that the down-regulation of OEA levels arises in situation such as exposure to stress, which contributes to the increase in inflammatory markers and the NAE catabolism (15,16). In the current epidemiological studies on inflammatory-related diseases, OEA is considered an endocannabinoid-like lipid, which interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and mediates the anti-inflammatory processes (17). It is generally accepted that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of the membrane cannabinoid receptors (cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1R] and type 2 [CB2R]), endogenous ligands (endcannabinoids), and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ligands (18).…”