A systematic review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for nicotine dependence

DiFranza, Joseph R.; Ursprung, W. W. Sanouri A.; Lauzon, Béatrice; Bancej, Christina; Wellman, Robert J.; Ziedonis, Douglas M.; Kim, Sun S.; Gervais, André; Meltzer, Bruce; McKay, Colleen E.; O’Loughlin, Jennifer; Okoli, Chizimuzo T.C.; Fortuna, Lisa R.; Tremblay, Mireille

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.013

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The psychiatry-based diagnostic criteria of past decades presented a conceptualization of nicotine addiction as a socially maladaptive and self-injurious adult mental illness [70,71]. Recent reviews indicate that these criteria are not evidencebased [83,101]. Given its superiority over the DSM nicotine dependence criteria in terms of concurrent validity, a diagnosis based on a compulsion to smoke merits consideration as the new gold standard for the diagnosis of nicotine addiction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among 4,506 current smokers, the compulsion to smoke identified 94% of smokers who desired to quit but could not (sensitivity = 0.94), and it identified 97% of smokers who felt addicted (sensitivity = 0.97). Compared to the DSM which applies "one-size-fits-all" generic alcoholism criteria to nicotine dependence [83], a diagnosis based on a compulsion to smoke demonstrates far better agreement with other indicators of addiction (concurrent validity).…”

Section: Diagnostic Sensitivity In Relation To Clinical Indicators Ofmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In different studies, the DSM diagnostic criteria have shown a sensitivity of 0.41 and 0.64 in relation to identifying individuals who desire to quit but cannot, and a sensitivity of 0.34, 0.52 and 0.63 in identifying smokers who felt addicted [83]. Such low sensitivities are suboptimal for clinical use.…”

Section: Diagnostic Sensitivity In Relation To Clinical Indicators Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Natural History and Diagnosis of Nicotine Addiction

DiFranza¹,

Wellman²,

Mermelstein³

et al. 2011

CPR

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Addicted smokers experience nicotine withdrawal anytime they go too long without smoking. Withdrawal presents as a continuum of symptoms of escalating severity described by smokers as "wanting," then "craving," and eventually "needing" to smoke. These may be followed by irritability, impatience, moodiness, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and sleep disturbances. This spectrum of intensifying withdrawal symptoms creates a compulsion to smoke that makes quitting difficult. The compulsion to smoke is the core feature of nicotine addiction accounting for its clinical course, physiological characteristics, prognosis, and behavioral manifestations. A compulsion can develop quickly, having been experienced by one third of youth who have smoked only 3 or 4 cigarettes. Its physiologic basis is evident in neurophysiological measures and its recurrence after each cigarette at a characteristic interval. At first, a single cigarette can keep withdrawal at bay for weeks, but as addiction progresses, cigarettes must be smoked at progressively shorter intervals to suppress withdrawal symptoms. The physiologic need to repeatedly self-administer nicotine at shorter intervals explains a full spectrum of addictive symptoms ranging from the prodromal symptom of wanting, to chain smoking. The early process of nicotine addiction is recognized if a person experiences regular wanting for a cigarette. When symptoms include craving or needing, the now addicted patient is experiencing a compulsion to smoke. This simple diagnostic approach covers the full spectrum of addiction in smokers of all ages and levels of tobacco use, and is more valid than a clinical diagnosis based on the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Sensitivity In Relation To Clinical Indicators Ofmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Diagnostic Sensitivity In Relation To Clinical Indicators Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Natural History and Diagnosis of Nicotine Addiction

DiFranza¹,

Wellman²,

Mermelstein³

et al. 2011

CPR

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“…This is supported by the fact that in clinical trials, DSM-IV ND and FTND rarely yield consistent results (diFranza et al, 2010;Moolchan et al, 2002;Piper, McCarthy, and Baker, 2006). It is likely that the FTND provides a stronger measure of physical and pharmacological dependence, whereas the DSM-IV ND measures more thoroughly the behavioral and cognitive factors, for example loss of control in terms of smoking behavior, underlying ND.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome 20 Shows Linkage With DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence in Finnish Adult Smokers

Keskitalo-Vuokko

Hällfors

Broms

et al. 2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Chromosome 20 has previously been associated with nicotine dependence (ND) and smoking cessation. Our aim was to replicate and extend these findings.Methods: First, a total of 759 subjects belonging to 206 Finnish families were genotyped with 18 microsatellite markers residing on chromosome 20, in order to replicate previous linkage findings. Then, the replication data were combined to an existing wholegenome linkage data resulting in a total of 1,302 genotyped subjects from 357 families. ND diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score, and the lifetime maximum number of cigarettes smoked within a 24-hr period (MaxCigs24) were used as phenotypes in the nonparametric linkage analyses. Results:We replicated previously reported linkage to DSM-IV ND, with a maximum logarithm of odd (LOD) score of 3.8 on 20p11, with females contributing more (maximum LOD [MLOD] score 3.4 on 20q11) than males (MLOD score 2.6 on 20p11). With the combined sample, a suggestive LOD score of 2.3 was observed for DSM-IV ND on 20p11. Sex-specific analyses revealed that the signal was driven by females with a maximum LOD score of 3.3 (on 20q11) versus LOD score of 1.3 in males (on 20q13) in the combined sample. No significant linkage signals were obtained for FTND or MaxCigs24.

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“…The 14-item DSM-IV scale , the 6-item ICD-10 scale 23 , and the 6-item FTND 7 scale were used. We included all three scales because they provide complementary self-report information regarding nicotine dependence 24 .…”

Section: Interview Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video-assisted topographical measurement of cigarette smoking: Exploration of an objective approach to evaluate nicotine dependence

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Leeman³

et al. 2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Addressing nicotine dependence is key to effective smoking cessation. While self-report measures of nicotine dependence are often challenged for their reliability and validity, there is a lack of non-invasive and inexpensive objective measures of nicotine dependence. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of using video-assisted smoking topography to derive objective measures indicative of nicotine dependence with the guidance of nicotine-receptor-based self-titration theory. METHODS Videotaped topography data were collected for one episode of smoking a whole cigarette the first time of the day from 10 cigarette smokers with diverse racial backgrounds (4 males and 6 females, mean age = 27 years, SD = 7.2). Temporal patterns of individual topographic measures (i.e. puff interval, puff speed, puff duration, inhalation duration, and rest duration) were measured and plotted against time. Levels of nicotine dependence were evaluated using three standard scales, including the 14-item DSM-IV scale, the 6-item ICD-10 scale, and the 6-item Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence. Both linear and non-linear fold catastrophe dynamic models were used to fit the data. RESULTS Compared with a linear model (R 2 from 0.003 to 0.74), the non-linear model more adequately captured the temporal pattern of topographic measures (R 2 from 0.11 to 0.99), especially puff speed. The indicators derived from the fitted fold catastrophe curve (e.g. average puff speed) were significantly associated with nicotine dependence scores, especially DSM-IV scale scores (r from 0.64 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest the potential to objectively and non-invasively measure nicotine dependence using video-assisted smoking topography. INTRODUCTIONMuch progress has been made in tobacco control since the 1950s, but tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death 1 . There are more than 1 billion people in the world who smoke 2 . Evidence-based behavioral (e.g. counseling, motivational interviewing) and pharmacological (e.g. nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion) interventions are available for clinical, personal, family and community based tobacco cessation, but these interventions achieve only a small to moderate effect if delivered in practice 3 . Even with additional assistance, the majority of smokers still experience difficulties quitting with success rates of self-quit attempts as low as 3%4 . Smokers experience difficult quitting primarily because of nicotine addiction 4 . Measuring nicotine dependence with high reliability and validity is critical to tailor treatment to individual patients and to evaluate treatment progress 5 . However, obtaining good measures has been challenging, in part due to a lack of methods to acquire objective data 6 . AFFILIATION

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A systematic review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for nicotine dependence

Cited by 45 publications

References 94 publications

The Natural History and Diagnosis of Nicotine Addiction

The Natural History and Diagnosis of Nicotine Addiction

Chromosome 20 Shows Linkage With DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence in Finnish Adult Smokers

Video-assisted topographical measurement of cigarette smoking: Exploration of an objective approach to evaluate nicotine dependence

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