A Systematic Review of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)

Bressler, Rachel; Erford, Bradley T.; Dean, Stephanie

doi:10.1002/jcad.12190

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Total severity scores, as well as clinically significant, are generated by summing all items. A review of 135 studies including the PCL-C indicated that the measure demonstrated excellent internal consistency across studies (α = 93) [43]. Higher PCL-C scores suggest worse symptom severity.…”

Section: Demographic Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering together: building resiliency in dyads of stroke patients and their caregivers at risk for chronic emotional distress; a feasibility study

Bannon

Lester

Gates

et al. 2020

Pilot Feasibility Stud

138

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Background: A stroke is a sudden, life-altering event with potentially devastating consequences for survivors and their loved ones. Despite advances in endovascular and neurocritical care approaches to stroke treatment and recovery, there remains a considerable unmet need for interventions targeting the emotional impact of stroke for both patients and their informal caregivers. This is important because untreated emotional distress becomes chronic and negatively impacts quality of life in both patients and caregivers. Our team previously used mixed methods to iteratively develop a six-session modular dyadic intervention to prevent chronic emotional distress in patients with stroke and their informal caregivers called "Recovering Together" (RT) using feedback from dyads and the medical team. The aim of the current study is to test the feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of screening and randomization methods, acceptability of RT, satisfaction with RT, feasibility of the assessment process at all time points, and acceptability of outcome measures. Secondarily, we aimed to explore within-treatment effect sizes and change in clinically significant symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (PTS). The larger goal was to strengthen methodological rigor before a subsequent efficacy trial. Methods: We conducted a feasibility randomized controlled trial to evaluate the RT intervention relative to minimally enhanced usual care (MEUC) in stroke patients admitted to a Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit (Neuro-ICU). Dyads were enrolled within 1 week of hospitalization if they met specific eligibility criteria. Assessments were done via paper and pencil at baseline, and electronically via REDCap or over the phone at post-intervention (approximately 6 weeks after baseline), and 3 months later. Assessments included demographics, resiliency intervention targets (mindfulness, coping, self-efficacy, and interpersonal bond), and emotional distress (depression, anxiety, and PTS). Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability markers. Secondary outcomes were depression, anxiety, PTS, mindfulness, coping, self-efficacy, and interpersonal bond.

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Section: Demographic Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering together: building resiliency in dyads of stroke patients and their caregivers at risk for chronic emotional distress; a feasibility study

Bannon

Lester

Gates

et al. 2020

Pilot Feasibility Stud

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors chose a cut-off score of 44. However, there is no universal validated threshold score to make a diagnosis with the PCL-C, as cut-offs vary between 27 and 59 2. Nydegger et al suggested using a score of 50 or more to indicate PTSD in a firefighting population 3.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study looked into only male firefighters, with women being excluded from the study. Evidence shows that PTSD is twice as prevalent in women as in men 2. Although the exact mechanisms behind the development of PTSD are unknown, animal studies have shown there to be gender-specific neurochemical changes following exposure to trauma 4.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Sleep Quality Among Urban Firefighters In Thailand – [Letter]</p>

Smith¹,

Velazquez-Pimentel²,

Trockels³

2019

NSS

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“…These short‐forms are limited, though, either because they were developed using heuristic methods, or in the case of computer‐adaptive testing, cannot be used with paper and pencil administration. Furthermore, research on the comparative performance of the different short‐form PCLs is limited (Tiet, Schutte, & Leyva, ), creating uncertainty about the optimal number and content of items (Bressler, Erford, & Dean, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, research on the comparative performance of the different short-form PCLs is limited (Tiet, Schutte, & Leyva, 2013), creating uncertainty about the optimal number and content of items (Bressler, Erford, & Dean, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an optimal short‐form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5)

et al. 2019

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Background Although several short‐forms of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL) exist, all were developed using heuristic methods. This report presents the results of analyses designed to create an optimal short‐form PCL for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) using both machine learning and conventional scale development methods. Methods The short‐form scales were developed using independent datasets collected by the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience among Service members. We began by using a training dataset (n = 8,917) to fit short‐form scales with between 1 and 8 items using different statistical methods (exploratory factor analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and a new machine learning method to find an optimal integer‐scored short‐form scale) to predict dichotomous PTSD diagnoses determined using the full PCL‐5. A smaller subset of best short‐form scales was then evaluated in an independent validation sample (n = 11,728) to select one optimal short‐form scale based on multiple operating characteristics (area under curve [AUC], calibration, sensitivity, specificity, net benefit). Results Inspection of AUCs in the training sample and replication in the validation sample led to a focus on 4‐item integer‐scored short‐form scales selected with stepwise regression. Brier scores in the validation sample showed that a number of these scales had comparable calibration (0.015–0.032) and AUC (0.984–0.994), but that one had consistently highest net benefit across a plausible range of decision thresholds. Conclusions The recommended 4‐item integer‐scored short‐form PCL‐5 generates diagnoses that closely parallel those of the full PCL‐5, making it well‐suited for screening.

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A Systematic Review of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)

Cited by 30 publications

References 106 publications

Recovering together: building resiliency in dyads of stroke patients and their caregivers at risk for chronic emotional distress; a feasibility study

Recovering together: building resiliency in dyads of stroke patients and their caregivers at risk for chronic emotional distress; a feasibility study

<p>Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Sleep Quality Among Urban Firefighters In Thailand – [Letter]</p>

Developing an optimal short‐form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5)

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