A systematic review of the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in South – Eastern Asia

Raji, Yakubu Egigogo; Ooi, Peck Toung; Taib, Niazlin Mohd

doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1865716

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In the last couple of decades, HEV has been reported to be endemic in many developing and developed countries [14,16,18,19,22,23,28,29]. However, the seroprevalence of hepatitis E showed considerable interregional and intraregional variation ranging from 1% in Iran to 49.8% in Bangladesh [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotypes 1 to 4 are reported to cause human infection [11]. Genotypes 1 and 2 are endemic to Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America and typically spread via contaminated water [14][15][16][17]. Genotypes 3 and 4 are found in industrialized countries including the United States, Europe, and Japan and are transmitted through ingestion of contaminated meat, usually pork, or blood transfusions [4,14,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Report of the HEV Seroprevalence and the Risk Factor Assessment in the West Bank, Palestine, during the Period of 2015–2017

Dumaidi

Abudamous

Abu‐Helu

et al. 2022

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Hepatitis E virus is emerging viral hepatitis with hyperendemicity in many countries. Data on the burden of disease is not available in Palestine. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of the HEV among the general population of the West Bank, Palestine. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 432 sera samples from 40 localities in the eleven districts of the West Bank and Jerusalem, Palestine, during the period of March 2015 to March 2017, were tested for HEV-IgG. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data of the participants’ demographics and disease risk factors. The overall seroprevalence was 3.7%. Level of education was significantly inversely associated with HEV seropositivity ( P = 0.04 ). Purely spatial analysis did not detect any significant cluster related to the distribution of HEV-IgG cases; however, living in the southern West Bank is shown to be significantly associated with HEV. Age was also associated with HEV seropositivity. The young (<19 years) and adults (>40 years) had the highest prevalence, compared to those between 20 to 39 years old ( P = 0.12 ). Furthermore, males and those in contact with animals were associated with HEV seropositivity ( P = 0.1 and 0.3 , respectively). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HEV IgG in the West Bank, Palestine is low. Several well-investigated risk factors cannot be supported by our results due to the small number of the positive HEV-IgG samples. Finally, this study is useful for providing a first look into the seroepidemiology of HEV in Palestine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the HEV Seroprevalence and the Risk Factor Assessment in the West Bank, Palestine, during the Period of 2015–2017

Dumaidi

Abudamous

Abu‐Helu

et al. 2022

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Many South-East Asian countries, including Vietnam, have a high seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies (22–77%), which can be attributed to various factors [ 16 ]. In Vietnam—a country where HEV and HBV infections are endemic—pregnant women are at high risk of HEV infection, which is often caused by HEV genotype 1 (HEV-1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam

et al. 2021

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Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nucleic acids were detected in stool and cord blood samples. HEV genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Mother-to-child transmission and associated adverse outcomes were not observed. Only 2% of patients (n = 4/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 8% (n = 14/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Cord blood (n = 150) analysis showed that there was no IgM detected, while 4% (n = 6/150) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, which was consistent with mothers testing positive for anti-HEV IgG. Nucleic acid tests for HEV RNA yielded 2% (n = 4/183) from the serum and stool of pregnant women, and none from cord blood. The HEV isolates belonged to the genotype HEV-3a, with 99% homology with humans and 96% with pigs. No association was found between the risk of HEV infection and pregnancy outcomes or HEV transmission from mother to child. HEV-3 infections of zoonotic origin in pregnancy might have eventually resolved without complications.

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“…The HEV infections in developed regions are generally triggered by zoonotic transmission, mainly through undercooked pork products 15,[36][37][38] . A recent study reported that the seroprevalence of HEV among countries in Southeast Asia ranged from 2% (Malaysia) to 77.7% (Lao People's Democratic Republic) 39 . Another recent meta-analysis including 1,099,717 subjects from various countries worldwide reported that the HEV IgG and IgM antibody seropositivity was 12.47% (95% CI: 10.42-14.67) and 1.47% (95% CI: 1.14-1.85), respectively 30 .…”

Section: Hev Taxonomy and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E vaccines: A mini review

Ahmad¹,

Haroon

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Biomed. Res. Ther.

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The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important public health concern and a significant cause of enterically-transmitted viral hepatitis infections. HEV infection remains a serious threat to life, especially in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Globally, vaccines have had a massive impact on public health and saved millions of lives. Vaccination can reduce the healthcare expenditure, decrease the mortality rate, and increase life expectancy. The availability of commercially effective vaccines is the most effective means for the prevention of HEV. However, the development of classic inactive or attenuated HEV vaccines is not feasible due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system for HEV. In recent years, recombinant HEV vaccine approaches have been explored. Many vaccine candidates have showed potential efficacy against HEV infection. Currently, the only licensed vaccine is Hecolin ® , a recombinant vaccine developed by Xiamen Innovax Biotech Co., Ltd. It is available in China. However, there are many hindrances when it comes to the acrossthe-board application of Hecolin ® and other vaccines worldwide. Large-scale efforts are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of Hecolin ® in at-risk populations and to pass the World Health Organization prequalification for licensing outside of China.

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A systematic review of the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in South – Eastern Asia

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

First Report of the HEV Seroprevalence and the Risk Factor Assessment in the West Bank, Palestine, during the Period of 2015–2017

First Report of the HEV Seroprevalence and the Risk Factor Assessment in the West Bank, Palestine, during the Period of 2015–2017

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam

Hepatitis E vaccines: A mini review

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