A systematic review of the epidemiology of unrecorded alcohol consumption and the chemical composition of unrecorded alcohol

Rehm, Jürgen; Kailasapillai, Shalini; Larsen, Elisabeth; Rehm, Maximilien X.; Samokhvalov, Andriy V.; Shield, Kevin D.; Roerecke, Michael; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.

doi:10.1111/add.12498

Cited by 161 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…[8][9][10] Since local culture can influence the attitude of the society towards alcohol consumption and subsequently the prevalence, it is critical to repeat such studies in different sociocultural settings. 11,12 Minahasa is regency in Indonesia where traditional alcohol drinks can be easily purchased even in housebased traditional kiosks (warung) with a cheap price. Minahasa has a 3-times higher prevalence of alcohol consumption than the national prevalence of Indonesia (17.4% and 4.6%, respectively) and ranks in top-two areas with the highest rate of consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption among college students in Minahasa, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study towards the formulation of intervention strategies

Supit¹,

Mamuaja²,

Pissu³

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: College students are within the high-risk group to experience the full spectrum of alcohol-related psychopathologies, ranging from initial contact with alcohol to the severe problematic drinking. The prevalence, degree of severity, reasons of drinking, among other variables, however, have been inconsistent across studies. Therefore, it is crucial to replicate such studies in different socio-cultural settings to synthesize a broader understanding about alcohol-consuming behavior and formulating intervention strategies. This research aims to describe the pattern of alcohol drinking behavior among college students in Minahasa, Indonesia, and to analyze its correlation with academic performance. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study to investigate the alcohol-consumption pattern and examined its association with the students' academic performance obtained from the campus database. A total-sampling technique was applied to draw the samples. Chi-square and Kendall's tau analyses were employed accordingly to measure the relationship significance. Results: From 417 samples (338 samples were females), 70.98% of them reported never had consumed alcohol of any amount. Male sex and local ethnicity are positively associated with consuming behavior. We found an association between alcohol consumption status with cumulative GPA but not with current GPA. Although alcohol consumers considered GPA as less important, the self-insight about their academic performance is intact. The consumed beverages were mostly beers, followed by traditional liquor and winepalms. Most of them consumed alcohol to "warm-up the body"—a common practice in this area, followed by social reasons. Only small number of them identified themselves as being addicted. Majority of the consumers realized the importance to reduce or quit consuming alcohol. The implications of these findings are then discussed. Conclusions: This study showed that most of the students have never consumed alcohol. However, among the consumers, male sex and local ethnicity are more prone to become alcohol users. The academic performance is also affected, and since most of the consumers consider to reduce their drinking behavior, professional interventions are necessary to facilitate recovery attempts.

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confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption among college students in Minahasa, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study towards the formulation of intervention strategies

Supit¹,

Mamuaja²,

Pissu³

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Other ingredients in alcoholic beverages, especially in beverages produced informally or illegally, have been analysed as potential causes of health problems (Kanteres et al, 2009;Lachenmeier et al, 2009;Leitz et al, 2009). However, the most comprehensive recent reviews of the research found no evidence that consumption of unrecorded alcohol is markedly linked at population level to morbidity or mortality over and above the effects of ethanol (Rehm, Kanteres & Lachenmeier, 2010;Rehm et al, 2014).…”

Section: Quality Of Alcohol Consumedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As unrecorded products are often available outside the regulated market (resulting e.g. in cheaper prices, different controls, or no controls on availability), they may increase overall consumption and have also been linked to more heavy drinking occasions (Rehm et al, 2014). …”

Section: Quality Of Alcohol Consumedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unrecorded alcoholic beverages are generally less costly than recorded alcohol. As a result, unrecorded alcohol is commonly consumed by persons of lower social and economic status and may be associated with increased levels of alcohol consumed (Rehm et al, 2014).…”

Section: Addressing Illicit and Informal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this survey, sent to 42 countries with at least 10% unrecorded consumption as part of the total consumption, the nominal group technique was used to solicit five expert judgements per country. In addition, a systematic search was conducted on all published literature (Rehm et al, 2014). The data obtained were analysed and fed back to the experts who used them to arrive at a final estimate.…”

Section: Iv12 Chapter 2 -Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Targets and abuse: the price public health campaigners pay

Daube¹

2015

Medical Journal of Australia

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A case of a patient requiring medically supervised withdrawal after ingestion of witch hazel toner as a surrogate alcohol

Anderson,

Balasanova

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageStandardized alcohol withdrawal treatments, such as the phenobarbital taper protocol, are effective in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes associated with surrogate alcohols including witch hazel toner.AbstractIngestion of alcohol not intended for consumption, also known as surrogate alcohols, is well‐documented in patients with alcohol use disorder. Ingestion of surrogate alcohols may lead to higher morbidity and mortality than standard alcohol consumption alone. However, management of complications such as withdrawal syndromes in individuals consuming surrogate alcohols has received little attention in the literature. We present the case of a patient with alcohol use disorder who required medically supervised withdrawal following ingestion of witch hazel toner as a surrogate alcohol. Review of patient's history revealed routine ingestion of witch hazel toner as a substitute to traditional alcohols. Witch hazel toner is a non‐FDA regulated product designed for topical use; it is commonly sold in a steam distilled formulation containing 13%–15% ethanol and small amounts of essential oil components, such as carvacrol and eugenol. During hospitalization the patient received treatment of alcohol withdrawal with a phenobarbital taper protocol and was discharged in stable condition. He also received resources for alcohol use disorder to follow‐up in the outpatient setting. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a patient requiring medically supervised withdrawal following ingestion of witch hazel toner and sheds light on the potential complications and management of patients who present following ingestion.

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A systematic review of the epidemiology of unrecorded alcohol consumption and the chemical composition of unrecorded alcohol

Abstract: Very large amounts of alcohol are produced globally that go unrecorded. The primary harm from this kind of alcohol arises from the fact that it is typically much cheaper than licit alcohol.

Cited by 161 publications

References 142 publications

Alcohol consumption among college students in Minahasa, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study towards the formulation of intervention strategies

Alcohol consumption among college students in Minahasa, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study towards the formulation of intervention strategies

Targets and abuse: the price public health campaigners pay

A case of a patient requiring medically supervised withdrawal after ingestion of witch hazel toner as a surrogate alcohol

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