A Systematic Review of the Literature on Health and Wellness Coaching: Defining a Key Behavioral Intervention in Healthcare

Wolever, Ruth Q.; Simmons, Leigh Ann; Sforzo, Gary A.; Dill, Diana; Kaye, Miranda P.; Bechard, Elizabeth; Southard, Mary Elaine; Kennedy, Mary; Vosloo, Justine; Yang, Nancy Y. C.

doi:10.7453/gahmj.2013.042

Cited by 322 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Although most of these concepts are not entirely new to the healthcare community, as health coaches and similar practitioners strategically utilize these during their interventions to promote and improve behavioral change, adherence, and lifestyle modifications (Wolever et al, 2013), they may lack practicality in clinical settings where there is limited time to spend with a patient or when there is insufficient communication between the various practitioners a patient may see. Many questions remain, as there are no specific guidelines that a practitioner can follow that will necessarily work exactly the same with each different patient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Patient–Practitioner Relationships in Placebo and Nocebo Phenomena

Blasini

Peiris

Wright

et al. 2018

International Review of Neurobiology

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Introduction: Placebo and nocebo effects form part of all therapeutic environments and play a significant role in the effectiveness of treatment outcomes. Patient expectancies drive these phenomena, which can be shaped through contextual factors including verbal suggestions, conditioning, and social observation. Objectives: This review seeks to identify the biopsychosocial factors of the patient– practitioner interaction that play a role in the development of placebo and nocebo effects, as well as the anthropological elements of the biodynamic process of relating that are meaningful in the development of expectancies. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of frameworks of the placebo and nocebo effect, including the impact of expectancies and interpersonal relationships in the context of healing and the clinical setting. Results: Expectancies leading to placebo and nocebo effects can be modified by macro and micro factors, such as culture and society, as well as individual psychobiological traits, respectively. The developmental sociobiological adaptations that form and consolidate mindsets and meaningful contexts play an important role in shaping patient expectancies, as well as patients’ conscious and subconscious reactions to signs and actions taking place within the clinical environment. Practitioner characteristics, like empathy, friendliness, and competence, favor the formation of positive expectancies. Caring and warm patient–practitioner interactions can enhance the therapeutic value of clinical encounters when patients’ positive expectancies are actively encouraged and engaged. Conclusion: A patient-centered approach rooted in demonstrating care and empathy can positively enhance a patient’s experience within the clinical environment and activate psychosociobiological adaptations associated with the placebo phenomenon. Pain patients could particularly benefit from non-invasive approaches for improving treatment effectiveness and quality-of-life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Patient–Practitioner Relationships in Placebo and Nocebo Phenomena

Blasini

Peiris

Wright

et al. 2018

International Review of Neurobiology

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“…Moreover, to broaden the scope of this review, non-randomised studies will also be considered, providing that they fit with the coaching definition stated in Wolever et al [7]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is health coaching effective in changing the health status and behaviour of prisoners?—a systematic review protocol

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThis is a protocol for a systematic review of the impact of health coaching on changing the health behaviour of offenders. Prisoners are more likely to suffer from health-related issues when compared to the general population. Health coaching has been shown to influence health outcomes of patients with chronic conditions. This review, therefore, aims to assess the effectiveness of health coaching interventions on the health of adolescent and adult offenders in custodial institutions.MethodsWe plan to conduct a systematic review of the current literature on health coaching interventions delivered in the prison setting. We will include randomised controlled trials and observational studies that compare health coaching to the usual care or other alternative interventions. The ideal interventions will be delivered either by health professionals or peer coaches, and the outcomes extracted in the data collection will be disease-specific, clients’ life and self-management skills, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes. If appropriate, a meta-analysis of the data collected will be carried out on the last stage of the review.DiscussionThis systematic review will identify and gather evidence on the impact of health coaching interventions delivered in the prison setting and can function as a supporting material for health professionals, prison staff, the healthcare system, and public health departments when considering delivering health coaching.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016053237.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0524-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The coaches were health professionals with Bachelor’s and Master’s level degrees in areas such as health promotion or nursing, or had advanced exercise physiology certifications. Coaching was delivered as a facilitative (non-directive) patient-centered process following a standard health and wellness coaching definition set forth in a meta-analysis [23] and using well defined coaching techniques and strategies [30]. Patients consistently worked with only one coach for individual private sessions and developed a personal relationship with that coach over the 12-month period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HWC helps patients or clients identify a personal vision of thriving mentally and physically while assisting in developing autonomous motivation, improving positive emotions, resources, and self-efficacy, and sustaining changes in mindset and behavior that generate improved health and well-being [23]. HWC behavior change techniques have been applied in specific chronic conditions, and meta-analyses have identified significant improvements in pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress in a variety of clinical populations [18–20, 24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of health and wellness coaching for fibromyalgia

Hackshaw

Plans²,

Rodríguez-Saona

et al. 2016

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a health and wellness coaching (HWC)-based intervention for fibromyalgia (FM) would result in sustained improvements in health and quality of life, and reductions in health care utilization.MethodsNine female subjects meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for a diagnosis of primary FM were studied. The HWC protocol had two components, which were delivered telephonically over a twelve-month period. First, each patient met individually with a coach during the 12 month study at the patient’s preference of schedule and frequency (Range:22–32 × 45-min sessions). Coaches were health professionals trained in health and wellness coaching tasks, knowledge, and skills. Second, each patient participated in bimonthly (first six months) and monthly (second six months) group classes on self-coaching strategies during the 12 month study. Prior to the intervention, and after 6 months and 12 months of coaching, the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) was used to measure health and quality of life, and the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI) was used to measure pain intensity and interference with function. Total and rheumatology-related health encounters were documented using electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsAll nine patients finished the HWC protocol. FIQR scores improved by 35 % (P = 0.001). BPI scores decreased by 32 % overall (P = 0.006), 31 % for severity (P = 0.02), and 44 % for interference (P = 0.006). Health care utilization declined by 86 % (P = 0.006) for total and 78 % (P < 0.0001) for rheumatology-related encounters.ConclusionThe HWC program added to standard FM therapy produced clinically significant improvements in quality of life measures (FIQR), pain (BPI), and marked reductions in health care utilization. Such improvements do not typically occur spontaneously in FM patients, suggesting that HWC deserves further consideration as an intervention for FM.

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A Systematic Review of the Literature on Health and Wellness Coaching: Defining a Key Behavioral Intervention in Healthcare

Cited by 322 publications

References 85 publications

The Role of Patient–Practitioner Relationships in Placebo and Nocebo Phenomena

The Role of Patient–Practitioner Relationships in Placebo and Nocebo Phenomena

Is health coaching effective in changing the health status and behaviour of prisoners?—a systematic review protocol

A pilot study of health and wellness coaching for fibromyalgia

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