A Systematic Review of Tissue Engineering Scaffold in Tendon Bone Healing in vivo

Abstract

Background: Tendon-bone healing is an important factor in determining the success of ligament reconstruction. With the development of biomaterials science, the tissue engineering scaffold plays an extremely important role in tendon-bone healing and bone tissue engineering.Materials and Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science) were systematically searched for relevant and qualitative studies published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019. Only original articles that met eligibility criteria and evaluated the use of issue engineering scaffold especially biomaterials in tendon bone healing in vivo were selected for analysis.Results: The search strategy identified 506 articles, and 27 studies were included for full review including two human trials and 25 animal studies. Fifteen studies only used biomaterials like PLGA, collage, PCL, PLA, and PET as scaffolds to repair the tendon-bone defect, on this basis, the rest of the 11 studies using biological interventions like cells or cell factors to enhance the healing. The adverse events hardly ever occurred, and the tendon bone healing with tissue engineering scaffold was effective and superior, which could be enhanced by biological interventions.Conclusion: Although a number of tissue engineering scaffolds have been developed and applied in tendon bone healing, the researches are mainly focused on animal models which are with limitations in clinical application. Since the efficacy and safety of tissue engineering scaffold has been proved, and can be enhanced by biological interventions, substantial clinical trials remain to be done, continued progress in overcoming current tissue engineering challenges should allow for successful clinical practice.

Three Medial All Suture Anchors Improves Contact Force Compared to Two Hard Body Anchors in a Biomechanical Two-Tendon Rotator Cuff Tear Model

“…Contact area in particular is felt to be important for achieving tendon healing. 24 , 25 , 26 While DR repairs have decreased the incidence of retear, overall retears rates remain at approximately 25%, and are notably increased with larger tears. 27 Thus, it appears worthwhile to continue to attempt to maximize contact force in large and massive rotator cuff tears, given its direct relationship with area.…”

Tri-Layered Doxycycline-, Collagen- and Bupivacaine-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tendon Rupture Repair

“…The depletion of tenocytes and collagen I may be a significant reason for this property deterioration [34][35][36]. Therefore, in addition to surgical repair, researchers have advocated rebuilding the biological and physical properties of the tendon by upregulating the cellular and tissue responses during tendon repair, including the supplementation of bioactive growth factors, modulation of the inflammatory response, and adoption of tissue engineering [37][38][39][40][41].…”

Changes in Physiological Tendon Substrate Stiffness Have Moderate Effects on Tendon-Derived Cell Growth and Immune Cell Activation

“…Most studies of TDCs in vitro have used very stiff tissue culture plastic (TCP)to better understand tendon cell biology, which is well known to induce TDC dedifferentiation ( Taylor et al, 2009 ). Also, the majority of current tissue engineering approaches aim to apply material scaffolds that do not match the native tendon biomechanical properties, thus creating a mismatch in properties between the intervention and tendon resident cells ( Vasiliadis and Katakalos, 2020 ; Mao et al, 2021 ). Therefore, understanding how ECM microenvironemntal cues affect cell behaviour in tendon has importance for creating more physiologically-relevant in vitro platforms to study tendon cell biology, and for infomring future therapeutics which can better direct and maintain resident tendon cell characteristics.…”