A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii antigens to find the best vaccine candidates for immunization

Rezaei, Fatemeh; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sharif, M.; Hejazi, Seyed Hossein; Pagheh, Abdol Sattar; Aghayan, Sargis A.; Daryani, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.003

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…These routes of transmission are less common; however, if donors are infected, it will cause acute toxoplasmosis because the recipients are usually immunocompromised patients, with significant clinical consequences such as encephalitis, brain abscess, myocarditis, and chorioretinitis (10). Despite the serious complications of this parasitic disease, es- (25). Detecting the source of infection such as infected blood and organs for recipient candidates, especially patients undergoing multiple transfusions or those requiring blood transfusion for transplan- tation management, can be crucial to control and prevent toxoplasmosis (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Naeini

Soureshjani

Jafari

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Blood and blood products can be a probable route of T. gondii transmission, especially in patients undergoing multiple transfusions. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection among healthy blood donors in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: We collected 385 blood samples from blood donors referring to the three biggest Blood Transfusion Organization Centers in the province during the period from January to June 2017. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were examined using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, all samples were tested by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of DNA of T. gondii. Results: The seroprevalence rates of IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies were 37.9% and 1.56%, respectively. With the LAMP method, 1.56% of the samples were positive for the DNA of T. gondii. Of these, four (1.04%) were seropositive for both IgG and IgM and two (0.52%) were positive only for IgG. Moreover, statistical analyses indicated that several risk factors including gender, age, contact with cats, and consumption of undercooked meat were significantly related to T. gondii seropositivity in blood donors. Conclusions: This study indicated that anti-T. gondii antibodies were highly prevalent among apparently healthy blood donors in Southwest Iran. There was a possibility of infection transmission by blood transfusion while there is a lack of screening tests for Toxoplasma infection in the Blood Transfusion Organizations. It is strongly suggested that appropriate and sensitive screening programs be designed by the LAMP method for the detection of T. gondii in blood donors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Naeini

Soureshjani

Jafari

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Since there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis in human and animals, prophylaxis can therefore be considered the best way to prevent the toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals with a CD4 count below 100 cells/µL as well as in pregnant women who were not previously determined to be seronegative for Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin G (IgG) [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myrtus communis Essential Oil; Anti-Parasitic Effects and Induction of the Innate Immune System in Mice with Toxoplasma gondii Infection

et al. 2021

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Background: Myrtus communis (M. communis) is a wild aromatic plant used for traditional herbal medicine that can be demonstrated in insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of its essential oils (MCEO). Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of M. communis essential oil (MCEO) against chronic toxoplasmosis induced by the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of MCEO. Mice were then orally administrated with MCEO at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day and also atovaquone 100 mg/kg for 21 days. On the 15th day, the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20–25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of T. gondii. The mean numbers of brain tissue cysts and the mRNA levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in mice of each tested group were measured. Results: By GC/MS, the major constituents were α-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.6%), and linalool (12.6%), respectively. The results demonstrated that the mean number of T. gondii tissue cysts in experimental groups Ex1 (p < 0.05), Ex2 (p < 0.001) and Ex3 (p < 0.001) was meaningfully reduced in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group (C2). The mean diameter of tissue cyst was significantly reduced in mice of the experimental groups Ex2 (p < 0.01) and Ex3 (p < 0.001). The results demonstrated that although the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were elevated in all mice of experimental groups, a significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in tested groups of Ex2 and Ex3 when compared with control groups. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated the potent prophylactic effects of MCEO especially in the doses 200 and 300 mg/kg in mice infected with T. gondii. Although the exceptional anti-Toxoplasma effects of MCEO and other possessions, such as improved innate immunity and low toxicity are positive topics, there is, however, a need for more proof from investigations in this field.

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“…Even though prior exposure is believed to lead to immunity against reinfection, significant challenges persist: there is no vaccine against T. gondii (9), current drug treatments are effective only in acute infections, and development of drug resistance remains a concern (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nucleocytosolic O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY affects protein expression and virulence in Toxoplasma gondii

Bandini

Agop‐Nersesian

Wel

et al. 2021

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Once considered unusual, nucleocytoplasmic glycosylation is now recognized as a conserved feature of eukaryotes. While in animals O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modifies thousands of intracellular proteins, the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii transfers a different sugar, fucose, to proteins involved in transcription, mRNA processing and signaling. Knockout experiments showed that TgSPY, an ortholog of plant SPINDLY and paralog of host OGT, is required for nuclear O-fucosylation. Here we verify that TgSPY is the nucleocytoplasmic O-fucosyltransferase (OFT) by 1) complementation with TgSPY-MYC3, 2) its functional dependence on amino acids critical for OGT activity, and 3) its ability to O-fucosylate itself and a model substrate and to specifically hydrolyze GDP-Fuc. While many of the endogenous proteins modified by O-Fuc are important for tachyzoite fitness, O-fucosylation by TgSPY is not essential. Growth of Δspy tachyzoites in fibroblasts is modestly affected, despite marked reductions in the levels of ectopically-expressed proteins normally modified with O-fucose. Intact TgSPY-MYC3 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas catalytic mutants often displayed reduced abundance. Δspy tachyzoites of a luciferase-expressing type II strain exhibited infection kinetics in mice similar to wild type but increased persistence in the chronic brain phase, potentially due to an imbalance of regulatory protein levels. The modest changes in parasite fitness in vitro and in mice, despite profound effects on reporter protein accumulation, and the characteristic punctate localization of O-fucosylated proteins, suggest that TgSPY controls the levels of proteins to be held in reserve for response to novel stresses.

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A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii antigens to find the best vaccine candidates for immunization

Cited by 49 publications

References 154 publications

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Myrtus communis Essential Oil; Anti-Parasitic Effects and Induction of the Innate Immune System in Mice with Toxoplasma gondii Infection

The nucleocytosolic O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY affects protein expression and virulence in Toxoplasma gondii

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