A Systematic Review of Wellness Misinformation via Social Media Using the Social Cognitive Theory (Preprint)

Abstract

BACKGROUND The rapid proliferation of wellness misinformation on social media is a critical public health issue that significantly influences health behaviors and perceptions. Despite the vast amount of health information available, there is a significant gap in understanding how misinformation spreads and its impact on the public. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to address the gap by analyzing the mechanisms of wellness misinformation dissemination and its counteraction using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) as a framework. METHODS The review included 39 articles to explore the dissemination and counteraction of wellness misinformation. It focused on the role of observational learning, self-efficacy, and self-regulation in the spread and reception of misinformation. RESULTS The findings indicate that observational learning, self-efficacy, and self-regulation are key factors in the spread and reception of wellness misinformation. The study also found that educational interventions, regulatory actions, and technology-driven solutions are effective in mitigating misinformation. CONCLUSIONS The review underscores the need for integrated strategies to enhance user literacy and foster critical evaluation of health information on social media. These strategies aim to improve public health outcomes and combat misinformation effectively, contributing to both academic and practical fields.