A systematic review on chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously increased the production and sales of disinfectants. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The literature relating to the use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant was systematically reviewed in January 2021 using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the use of chlorine dioxide to assess the efficacy, safety, and impact of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. Out of the 33 included studies, 14 studies focused on the disinfectant efficacy of chlorine dioxide, 8 studies expounded on the safety and toxicity in humans and animals, and 15 studies discussed the impact, such as water treatment disinfection using chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is a safe and effective disinfectant, even at concentrations as low as 20 to 30 mg/L. Moreover, the efficacy of chlorine dioxide is mostly independent of pH. Chlorine dioxide can be effectively used to disinfect drinking water without much alteration of palatability and can also be used to destroy pathogenic microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi from vegetables and fruits. Our review confirms that chlorine dioxide is effective against the resistant Mycobacterium, H1N1, and other influenza viruses. Studies generally support the use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The concentration deemed safe for usage still needs to be determined on a case-by-case basis.

ClO2-Mediated Oxidation of the TEMPO Radical: Fundamental Considerations of the Catalytic System for the Oxidation of Cellulose Fibers

“…This observation is validated with the quantification of the spin concentration, in which the presence of the radical was reduced in 83.4% when the reaction occurred at pH 8, contrasting with a depletion of 72.1% after TEMPO activation at pH 10. In this sense, the conversion yield is higher at pH 8, even if the oxidative potential of ClO is not pH-dependent [ 24 ].…”

Environmentally Friendly Bleaching Process of the Cellulose Fibres Materials Using Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Gas Phase

“…However, chlorine components, such as chlorine and hypochlorite, present limited use due to their reactivity [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], toxicity [ 32 ] and harmful environmental impact [ 33 ]. Chlorine dioxide gas has an excellent ability for sterilization and deodorization and is harmless to humans [ 34 ]. However, it is unstable and explosive (in high concentration) [ 35 ], which limits its potential application.…”

Airborne transmission of common swine viruses

“…An alternative, more cost-effective method is air disinfection. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of chlorine dioxide aerosol as a disinfectant in fitness centers [ 118 ], and it has also shown promising results in the disinfection of ASFV, IAV, and Mycobacterium [ 119 , 120 ]. Hence, the utilization of chlorine dioxide as a means of air pre-treatment in pig barns exhibits considerable promise.…”