A systematic review on cigarette butt management as a hazardous waste and prevalent litter: control and recycling

Torkashvand, Javad; Farzadkia, Mahdi

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04250-x

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Torkashvand and Farzadkia (2019) focused on developing control models for CB littering, while Marinello et al (2019) analysed possible recycling techniques for CBs and evaluated the disadvantages and advantages of those methods studied [ 14 , 19 ]. In contrast, Kurmus and Mohajerani (2020) reviewed key research studies on the recycling of CBs and investigated their toxicological properties [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

et al. 2020

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Our cities, parks, beaches, and oceans have been contaminated for many years with millions of tonnes of unsightly and toxic cigarette butts (CBs). This study presents and discusses some of the results of an ongoing study on recycling in fired-clay bricks. Energy savings: the energy value of CBs with remnant tobacco was found to be 16.5 MJ/kg. If just 2.5% of all bricks produced annually worldwide included 1% CB content, all of the CBs currently produced could be recycled in bricks, and it is estimated that global firing energy consumption could be reduced by approximately 20 billion MJ (megajoules). This approximately equates to the power used by one million homes in Victoria, Australia, every year. Bacteriological study: CBs were investigated for the presence of ten common bacteria in two pilot studies. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in fresh used CB samples, and Listeria spp. were detected in old used CB samples. All of the CB samples except the dried sample had significant counts of Bacillus spp. Some species of the detected bacteria in this study are pathogenic. Further confirmation and comprehensive microbiological study are needed in this area. The contact of naphthalene balls with CBs had a significant disinfecting effect on Bacillus spp. The implementation procedure for recycling CBs in bricks, odour from Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions in CBs, sterilization methods, CB collection systems, and safety instructions were investigated, and they are discussed. Proposal: when considering the combined risks from many highly toxic chemicals and possible pathogens in cigarette butts, it is proposed that littering of this waste anywhere in cities and the environment be strictly prohibited and that offenders be heavily fined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

et al. 2020

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“…There are some recycling proposals concerning cigarette butts, such as using them as part of the composition of bricks [29] or supercapacitors [30], or using their washing waters as chemical inhibitors [31] or as insecticide [32], etc. A revision of different proposals for recycling used butts has recently been carried out [33]. However, these proposals would not be enough to recycle all the annual production of this major residue and, certainly, new proposals are welcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts

2019

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There has been increasing interest in new sustainable materials that can be used as construction materials. Among them, sound-absorbing materials have an important role in both acoustical room conditioning and in room insulation. As a proposal for recycling, one of the most common residues in the world, cigarette butts, is studied. Samples were prepared with used cigarette butts as acoustical absorbent materials. Several samples were prepared and grouped by similarity. Variability analyses of the samples prepared in each group were performed. Moreover, the analysis of some possible influences on absorption properties, such as the length of butts, presence of burnt regions, presence of wrapping paper, etc., were analyzed. The results show the potentiality of this residue to be used as an acoustical absorbent since the absorption coefficients found are greater than 0.8 for frequencies over 2000 Hz. The observed variability in the study group and samples can be considered low, as it was below 2% for the major part of frequencies. Influences on the absorption coefficient, for both the length and status of the butts, were statistically confirmed.

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“…These results suggest that that dirt or contaminants of the smoked cigarettes do not interfere with the reaction outcome 17 and that the method is highly selective and doesn't require neither special pretreatment of the starting waste material nor speci c puri cation procedure of the reaction product.…”

Section: As Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Among these latters, cigarette lters represent a neglected and no cost reservoir of cellulose acetate 15 , that is virtually boundless if considering that about 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced each year 16 . Notably, dirty cigarette butts (CBs) are considered a dangerous waste, because of the content of organic and heavy metals contaminants, therefore their use as starting raw materials is rather complex and essentially limited to production of asphalts, mesoporous carbon, and cellulose pulp [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of cigarette butts for top value-added chemicals: Levulinic Acid

Laurenza¹,

Losito

Casiello

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Levulinic acid (LA), one of the top value-added intermediates of chemical industry, can be obtained by thermal hydrolysis (at 200 °C) from cigarette butts (as cellulose feedstock) catalysed by phosphoric acidic. The protocol avoids the use of more aggressive H2SO4 and HCl, that are generally employed on several cellulose sources (e.g. sludge paper), thus minimizing corrosion phenomena of plants. Neither chemical pre-treatment of butts nor specific purification procedure of LA are required. Notably, by simply modifying acid catalyst (e.g. using CH3COOH), another top value-added fine chemical such as 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF) is obtained, thus widening the scope of the method.Being cigarette filters a waste available in quantities of megatonnes per year, they represent an unlimited at no cost source of cellulose, thus enabling the up-scale to an industrial level of LA production.

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A systematic review on cigarette butt management as a hazardous waste and prevalent litter: control and recycling

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts

Valorization of cigarette butts for top value-added chemicals: Levulinic Acid

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