A Systematic Review on Practical Considerations, Recent Advances and Research Challenges in Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

Abstract

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) has gained significant attraction in many underwater activities because of its high bandwidth as compared to radio frequency and acoustic technologies. Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) has high stature in underwater observation, exploration and monitoring applications. However, due to complex nature of ocean water, several practical challenges exist in deployment of UOWC links. Qualitative and effective research has been carried out in UOWCs from last few decades. Ambition behind this research systematic study is to provide a comprehensive survey on latest research in UOWCs. Herein, we provide a brief discussion on major research challenges, limitations and development in UOWCs. We provide a periodical review on UOWC issues and potential challenges highlighted in previous studies. In this paper, we have also investigated research methods to gain attention of research fraternity towards future technologies and challenges on the basis of existing approaches. Thus, it is our foremost requirement to provide state-of-the-art analysis of existing UOWCs. Significant deliberation has been provided with recent bibliography.

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“…Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) plays a crucial role in various domains, including underwater sensing, communication, and cross-medium signal transmission between land and underwater environments. [1][2][3] In UWOC, transmitting signals using light within specific wavelength bands is essential to facilitate information exchange between underwater and terrestrial locations. Typically, blue-green light (450-550 nm) experiences minimal attenuation in water, making it widely applicable for underwater illumination, and wireless data transmission.…”

High-Speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication with Advanced Signal Processing Methods Survey

“…Through the above literature review, due to the absorption and scattering of signal light caused by the complex underwater environment and the influence of underwater turbulence on channel stability, UOWC faces challenges of limited transmission distance and fluctuating transmission reliability [23]. In order to improve the transmission distance of UOWC and to achieve more stable system performance, a large number of techniques have been studied in the physical layer [8,[15][16][17][18][19], such as more advanced transmitter technologies (e.g., high-bandwidth Gallium nitride (GaN)-based mini-LEDs [25], two-stage-injectionlocked technique [26,27]), more sensitive receiver technologies (e.g., lensed array optical interface [28,29], photomultiplier tubes (PMT) [30], and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) [31]), and more advanced UOWC spatial technologies (MIMO principles [32][33][34]). The signal processing enhancement, which includes transmitter frequency response improvement [27,29,35], transmitter shot noise minimization [36], and inter-symbol interference (ISI) elimination techniques [28,37,38], has also achieved remarkable progress in recent years.…”