A Systematic Review on Quadriceps Angle in Relation to Knee Abnormalities

Abstract

Previous studies on the quadriceps (Q) angle and its relation to knee problems have led to conflicting conclusions. In this comprehensive review, we evaluate recent studies on the Q angle and analyze the changes in Q angles. Specifically, we investigate the variation in Q angles when measured under the following conditions: 1) under various measurement techniques; 2) between symptomatic and nonsymptomatic groups; 3) between samples of men and women; 4) unilateral versus bilateral Q angles; 5) Q angle in adolescent boys and girls. It is widely believed that Q angles are more significant in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic individuals or that the right lower leg and left lower limb are equivalent, which is supported by little scientific data. However, research states that young adult females have higher mean Q angles than males.

The role of increased post-impact ball speed on plantar pressure during open and square stance groundstrokes in female tennis players

“…First, our sample size ( N = 15) was relatively small, although larger than in other studies [ 5 , 6 , 17 ] on this topic. Second, only female tennis players were examined, that show a larger mean quadriceps angle compared to men [ 18 ], indicating that the present findings cannot be transferred to male players. Third, plantar pressure data were collected from elite players (ITN ≤ 2), thus the results cannot be generalized to lower skill levels.…”