A Systematic Review on the Association of Acquired Human Cytomegalovirus Infection with Hearing Loss

Martínez-Gómez, Estrella; Pérez-Carpena, Patricia; Flook, Marisa; Lopez-Escamez, José A.

doi:10.3390/jcm9124011

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It is widely reported that uterine TORCH infections have risk factors for hearing loss to develop in children. In particular, the degree of hearing impairment caused by CMV infection is correlated with the viral load and the trimester of mother infection [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory evaluation of infants born to COVID19 positive mothers

Ghiselli

Laborai

Biasucci

et al. 2022

American Journal of Otolaryngology

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COVID-19 infection can cause a wide spectrum of symptoms. The audio-vestibular system can also be involved, but there is still debate about this so findings need to be considered carefully. Furthermore, mother to fetus intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is controversial. Few studies are available about the audio-vestibular symptomatology of newborns with intrauterine COVID19 exposure. Objectives This study investigates the possible correlation between the COVID19 gestational infection and hearing impairment onset in newborns. The involvement of hearing in COVID19 is verified so the timing and methodology of audiological evaluation of children can be planned. Methods Children were subject to newborn hearing screening and audiological evaluation. Newborn hearing screening is carried out prior to hospital discharge using the Automatic Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions test. Audiological evaluation is performed within the child age of 4 months by using maternal, pregnancy, and perinatal case history, COVID19 case history, otoscopy, acoustic immittance test, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions test, and the Auditory Brainstem Response test. Results 63 children were included in the study. 82.5% of these children were subjects of the newborn hearing screening program. The remaining 11 newborns were not subjected to hearing screening due to isolation measures and their audiological evaluation was carried out directly. Only one of 52 screened neonates showed a bilateral REFER test result but hearing threshold was normal at audiological evaluation. Audiological evaluation showed normal bilateral ABR thresholds in 59/63 children. Four children (6.3% of the total) had ABR threshold alterations but two showed normal threshold at ABR retest performed within 1 month of the first. The other two infants showed monolateral ABR alterations but one of these had a concomitant middle ear effusion. In conclusion, only one child (1.6% of the sample) had an altered ABR. This child had shown one positive SARS-CoV-2 swab in the absence of risk factors for hearing loss. Conclusion This study finds no evidence that maternal COVID19 infection is a risk factor in the development of congenital hearing loss in newborns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory evaluation of infants born to COVID19 positive mothers

Ghiselli

Laborai

Biasucci

et al. 2022

American Journal of Otolaryngology

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“…Furthermore, for both CMV and rubella virus infections, infants presenting with systemic, symptomatic infection reflecting disseminated infection are more likely to progress to severe or profound hearing loss [ 76 , 77 ]. Notably, CMV and rubella virus infection acquired postnatally have not been found to cause hearing loss [ 78 , 79 ], suggesting that prenatal cochlear development is particularly sensitive. Importantly, different congenital infections also appear to cause hearing loss via disparate mechanisms.…”

Section: The Cochlea As a Model Organ To Study The Effect Of Early Life Inflammation On The Developing Hematopoietic And Immune Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Inflammation and the Developing Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: The Cochlea as a Sensitive Indicator of Disruption

Otsuka

Nielson

Firpo

et al. 2021

Cells

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Emerging evidence indicates that perinatal infection and inflammation can influence the developing immune system and may ultimately affect long-term health and disease outcomes in offspring by perturbing tissue and immune homeostasis. We posit that perinatal inflammation influences immune outcomes in offspring by perturbing (1) the development and function of fetal-derived immune cells that regulate tissue development and homeostasis, and (2) the establishment and function of developing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that continually generate immune cells across the lifespan. To disentangle the complexities of these interlinked systems, we propose the cochlea as an ideal model tissue to investigate how perinatal infection affects immune, tissue, and stem cell development. The cochlea contains complex tissue architecture and a rich immune milieu that is established during early life. A wide range of congenital infections cause cochlea dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), likely attributable to early life inflammation. Furthermore, we show that both immune cells and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors can be simultaneously analyzed within neonatal cochlear samples. Future work investigating the pathogenesis of SNHL in the context of congenital infection will therefore provide critical information on how perinatal inflammation drives disease susceptibility in offspring.

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“…Congenital CMV infection is currently estimated to be the leading non-genetic cause of SNHL [ 17 ]. Conversely, postnatal CMV infection is not recognized as a direct cause of SNHL in the pediatric population [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art

Aldè

Binda

Prímache

et al. 2023

JCM

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In developed countries, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection, representing the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (HL). Diagnosis of cCMV infection can be performed by detection of CMV DNA in urine or saliva within 2–3 weeks after birth, or later in dried blood samples on the Guthrie card. Currently, there are many controversies regarding the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to cCMV infection. HL secondary to cCMV is highly variable in onset, side, degree, audiometric configuration, and threshold changes over time. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to perform a long and thorough audiological follow-up in children with cCMV infection to ensure early identification and prompt treatment of progressive and/or late-onset HL. Early cochlear implantation appears to be a valid solution not only for children with bilateral profound HL, but also for those with single-sided deafness, improving localization ability and understanding speech in noisy environments. Moreover, the decision to apply a unilateral cochlear implant in children with cCMV is strengthened by the non-negligible possibility of hearing deterioration of the contralateral ear over time.

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A Systematic Review on the Association of Acquired Human Cytomegalovirus Infection with Hearing Loss

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Auditory evaluation of infants born to COVID19 positive mothers

Auditory evaluation of infants born to COVID19 positive mothers

Early Life Inflammation and the Developing Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: The Cochlea as a Sensitive Indicator of Disruption

Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art

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