A Systematic Review on Uterine Leiomyoma: From Pathogenomics to Therapeutics

Abstract

To review currently available literature regarding biology, risk factors, symptoms, pathogenesis, and therapeutics of uterine leiomyoma. Extensive literature review of 200 articles aiming towards uterine leiomyoma. Uterine leiomyomas are solid abdominal monoclonal tumours mostly develop in myometrium of uterus and adversely affect endometrium. Fibroids in uterus are major cause of morbidity in women. Uterine fibroids also show hereditary effects and reported in women of next generations. Submucosal and intramural fibroids distort uterine cavity, affect implantation and lead to infertility. Mechano-transduction from ECM components to intracellular components of myometrial cells stimulate cytoskeletal shape alterations and enhanced ECM stiffness provide basal node for tumour initiation. Oestrogen and progesterone further regulate development of uterine leiomyoma. Main aim of study is to distinguish uterine leiomyomas with higher efficacy to develop more effective medical treatment. Curcumin, EGCG and many more natural compounds may be considered as potential therapeutic agents and growth inhibitor for leiomyoma. Present review is focussed on biology. Risk factors, symptoms, pathogenesis and therapeutics of uterine leiomyoma. By regulating many cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and caspases, cell cycle checkpoints can be altered and fibroid growth be prevented. A comprehensive information has been obtained, although there are many lacunae and mechanism not so well understood. Yet present study may open new window for research for leiomyoma therapeutics.