A Systematic Review on Viruses in Mass-Reared Edible Insect Species

Bertola, Michela

doi:10.3390/v13112280

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 282 publications

(452 reference statements)

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“…Mass-rearing facilities offer a controlled way to rear large quantities of insects for different purposes. However, such mass-reared insects are threatened by viral diseases, coming from viruses introduced via horizontal transmission or from already present covert infections that are triggered into overt infections [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Medfly Virome: Viral Diversity, Prevalence, and sRNA Profiling in Mass-Reared and Field-Derived Medflies

Hernández-Pelegrín

Llopis-Giménez

Crava

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is an agricultural pest of a wide range of fruits. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has boosted the discovery of RNA viruses infecting insects. In this article, we aim to characterize the RNA virome and viral sRNA profile of medfly. By means of transcriptome mining, we expanded the medfly RNA virome to 13 viruses, including two novel positive ssRNA viruses and the first two novel dsRNA viruses reported for medfly. Our analysis across multiple laboratory-reared and field-collected medfly samples showed the presence of a core RNA virome comprised of Ceratitis capitata iflavirus 2 and Ceratitis capitata negev-like virus 1. Furthermore, field-collected flies showed a higher viral diversity in comparison to the laboratory-reared flies. Based on the small RNA sequencing, we detected small interfering RNAs mapping to all the viruses present in each sample, except for Ceratitis capitata nora virus. Although the identified RNA viruses do not cause obvious symptoms in medflies, the outcome of their interaction may still influence the medfly’s fitness and ecology, becoming either a risk or an opportunity for mass-rearing and SIT applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Medfly Virome: Viral Diversity, Prevalence, and sRNA Profiling in Mass-Reared and Field-Derived Medflies

Hernández-Pelegrín

Llopis-Giménez

Crava

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…For example, viruses may develop strains leading to mortalities among insect producers. For example, a novel strain of the cricket iridovirus (CrIV) from A. domesticus led to unusual mortalities as well as greatly reduced fecundity and life span (Bertola & Mutinelli 2021).…”

Section: Choosing Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible insects: Challenges and prospects

Huis

2022

Entomological Research

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An overview is given on recent developments in insects as food and food by reviewing the literature which has appeared during the last few years on edible insects. An outlook to the future is provided. About a decade ago, the attention shifted from harvesting insects in the tropics to farming insects all over the world for food and feed applications. Most production is targeted towards pet food, but it will turn to aquafeed in the next two decades. More than 80% of all publications dealing with edible insects appeared during the last five years. Crickets and mealworms are used for human food while the black soldier fly is the main species used as animal feed. The criteria to choose insect species are automation, cheap substrates, disease avoidance, and market potential. Genetics are increasingly explored to improve production. The environmental impact of producing insects compares well to other alternative proteins, in particular their capacity to degrade organic waste streams. Edible insects are not only a good source of nutrients but also seem to provide health benefits not only for humans and animals, but also for plants (left over substrate). The challenge of convincing Western consumers is reviewed and whether sustainability is an issue. Processing techniques are being developed. The sector of insects as food and feed is developing fast thanks to an increasingly conducive legislative framework. It will progress further, provided that the insect industry, academia, governmental organizations, and public society closely cooperate.

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“…Previous systematic reviews on edible insects have focused on studying their nutritional composition [ 19 , 21 , 22 ], the presence of viruses [ 23 ], their effect on human and animal health [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], and allergic risks [ 27 ]. However, the global impact of edible insects on health and the environment remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Insect Consumption for Human and Planetary Health: A Systematic Review

Ros-Baró

Casas‐Agustench

Díaz-Rizzolo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This systematic review aimed to examine the health outcomes and environmental impact of edible insect consumption. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, PubMed, Medline ProQuest, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until February 2021. Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria: twelve animal and six human studies (randomized, non-randomized, and crossover control trials), and seven studies on sustainability outcomes. In animal studies, a supplement (in powdered form) of 0.5 g/kg of glycosaminoglycans significantly reduced abdominal and epididymal fat weight (5–40% and 5–24%, respectively), blood glucose (10–22%), and total cholesterol levels (9–10%), and a supplement of 5 mg/kg chitin/chitosan reduced body weight (1–4%) and abdominal fat accumulation (4%) versus control diets. In other animal studies, doses up to 7–15% of edible insect inclusion level significantly improved the live weight (9–33%), reduced levels of triglycerides (44%), cholesterol (14%), and blood glucose (8%), and increased microbiota diversity (2%) versus control diet. In human studies, doses up to 7% of edible insect inclusion level produced a significant improvement in gut health (6%) and reduction in systemic inflammation (2%) versus control diets and a significant increase in blood concentrations of essential and branched-chain amino acids and slowing of digestion (40%) versus whey treatment. Environmental indicators (land use, water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions) were 40–60% lower for the feed and food of edible insects than for traditional animal livestock. More research is warranted on the edible insect dose responsible for health effects and on environmental indicators of edible insects for human nutrition. This research demonstrates how edible insects can be an alternative protein source not only to improve human and animal nutrition but also to exert positive effects on planetary health.

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A Systematic Review on Viruses in Mass-Reared Edible Insect Species

Cited by 34 publications

References 282 publications

Expanding the Medfly Virome: Viral Diversity, Prevalence, and sRNA Profiling in Mass-Reared and Field-Derived Medflies

Expanding the Medfly Virome: Viral Diversity, Prevalence, and sRNA Profiling in Mass-Reared and Field-Derived Medflies

Edible insects: Challenges and prospects

Edible Insect Consumption for Human and Planetary Health: A Systematic Review

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