A systematic revision of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae in Egypt: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using ecological and genetic diversity

Abstract

Background The Capparaceae family is commonly recognized as a caper, while Cleomaceae represents one of small flowering family within the order Brassicales. Earlier, Cleomaceae was included in the family Capparaceae; then, it was moved to a distinct family after DNA evidence. Variation in habits and a bewildering array of floral and fruit forms contributed to making Capparaceae a “trash-basket” family in which many unrelated plants were placed. Indeed, family Capparaceae and Cleomaceae are in clear need of more detailed systematic revision. Results Here, in the present study, the morphological characteristics and the ecological distribution as well as the genetic diversity analysis among the twelve species of both Capparaceae and Cleomaceae have been determined. The genetic analysis has been checked using 15 ISSR, 30 SRAP, and 18 ISTR to assess the systematic knots between the two families. In order to detect the molecular phylogeny, a comparative analysis of the three markers was performed based on the exposure of discriminating capacity, efficiency, and phylogenetic heatmap. Our results indicated that there is a morphological and ecological variation between the two families. Moreover, the molecular analysis confirmed that ISTR followed by SRAP markers has superior discriminating capacity for describing the genetic diversity and is able to simultaneously distinguish many polymorphic markers per reaction. Indeed, both the PCA and HCA data have drawn a successful annotation relationship in Capparaceae and Cleome species to evaluate whether the specific group sort individual or overlap groups. Conclusion The outcomes of the morphological and ecological characterization along with the genetic diversity indicated an insight solution thorny interspecies in Cleome and Gynandropsis genera as a distinct family (Cleomaceae) and the other genera (Capparis, Cadaba, Boscia, and Maerua) as Capparaceae. Finally, we recommended further studies to elucidate the systematic position of Dipterygium glaucum.

Molecular and agro-morphological characterization of new barley genotypes in arid environments

“…They used cluster analysis to identify commonalities among 19 accessions and confirmed their genetic study by utilizing SRAPs, ISTRs, and ISSRs to examine systematic relationships between two families and determine molecular phylogeny [ 31 ]. Consistent with these findings, our study highlighted the superior differentiation capacity of ISTR markers in conjunction with SRAP markers for describing genetic variation, exhibiting numerous polymorphic markers per reaction [ 36 ]. Furthermore, SSRs demonstrated an average of 8.27 alleles per locus, indicating their robust polymorphic nature.…”

“…The categorization was based on population structure, developmental features, and row type [ 52 ]. Moreover, systematic relationships between barley families were examined using ISSR, SRAP, and ISTR data to determine molecular phylogeny, with ISTR and SRAP markers showing good discriminating power for defining genetic variation [ 36 ]. Similarly, TRAP markers distinguished agricultural types effectively, while the SRAP marker dendrogram classified Egyptian barley cultivars into distinct groups based on genetic similarity coefficients [ 53 – 57 ].…”

Systematic Revision of Capparis Spinosa L. Var. (Canescens, Deserti, Inermis), the Endemic Varieties Among Egyptian Flora Based on Molecular and Chemo-Taxonomy

“…inermis and the remaining varieties depending on their shared sub-clustering in the merged ISSR and SCoT-based dendrogram and their clustering at the negative side of PC1 (which correspond to 95% of differences between varieties) of the PCA score plot. This supports the conclusions reached by Elzayat et al (2020) when they utilized SRAP and ISTR analysis in conjunction with morphological description to classify the species of Capparis at the genetic level (Kamel et al, 2009 andElzayat et al, 2020). A close relationship between C. spinosa var.…”

Comparative genomics analysis of endangered wild Egyptian Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori plastome, with implications for the evolution of Brassicales order

“…As seen in our chloroplast phylogenomic tree the Cleomaceae and the Capparaceae form a particular monophyletic clade. El Zayat et al (2020) clarified the complex interactions among them, supporting the undisputed viewpoint that the Capparaceae are very closely associated with the Cleomaceae in a sister clade and seem to be distinguished. These results might be applied in systematic and evolutionary biology studies in the Capparis and Cleome.…”