A Systematic Search for Structure-Activity Relationships of Skin Contact Sensitizers: Methodology

Benezra, Claude; Sigman, Caroline C.; Perry, L. R.; Helmes, C. Tucker; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276961

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…It is composed of approximately 33% palmitic acid (16:0), 13% stearic acid (18:0), 31% oleic acid (18:1), and 15% linoleic acid (18:2), with other fatty acids being minor contributors, and has an average molecular weight of 768 [26]. The above data indicates that at least 50% of the PC bilayer is composed of unsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Spectroscopic studies of D-α-tocopherol concentration-induced transformation in egg phosphatidylcholne vesicles

Dwiecki¹,

Górnaś²,

Wilk

et al. 2007

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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Abstract:The effects of embedding up to 60 mol% of α-tocopherol (α-Toc) on the morphology and structure of the egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) membrane were studied using spectroscopic techniques. The resulting vesicles were subjected to turbidometric and dynamic light scattering measurements to evaluate their size distribution. The α-Toc intrinsic fluorescence and its quenching was used to estimate the tocopherol position in the membrane. Optical microscopy was used to visualize morphological changes in the vesicles during the inclusion of tocopherol into the 2 mg/ml PC membrane. The incorporation of up to 15 mol% of tocopherol molecules into PC vesicles is accompanied by a linear increase in the fluorescence intensity and the simultaneous formation of larger, multilamellar vesicles. Increasing the tocopherol concentration above 20 mol% induced structural and morphological changes leading to the disappearance of micrometer-sized vesicles and the formation of small unilamellar vesicles of size ranging from 30 to 120 nm, mixed micelles and non-lamellar structures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Spectroscopic studies of D-α-tocopherol concentration-induced transformation in egg phosphatidylcholne vesicles

Dwiecki¹,

Górnaś²,

Wilk

et al. 2007

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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“…A limited number of studies relate to the investigation of special cases where patients have reacted to products containing linalool. These reports are examined in the light of the criteria (table 3) elaborated by Benezra et al [1985] to determine clinical relevance (i.e. if linalool had caused the allergic dermatitis from which these patients were suffering).…”

Section: Clinical Diagnostic Patch Tests On Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following reviews the published data on the allergenicity of linalool (3, relating to its relative potency as a skin sensitizer. A semiquantitative evaluation of the different reports cited below has been made in accordance with the system based on the procedures proposed by Benezra et al [1985]. [1986] no data CET no data no, at 10% no data no data no 2 Klecak [1979] no data OET yes 20% no data 8 yes 3 Sharp [1978] 'commercial' Draize yes yes yes 10 yes 3 Sköld et al [2002a] 97% FCAT yes yes yes 14 yes 4 Greif [1967] no data HMT yes no, at 8% no data 25 no 2 Kligman [1970] no data HMT yes 20%, SLS no data 25 yes 2 LLNA = Local lymph node assay; OET = open epicutaneous test; CET = closed epicutaneous test; Draize = draize guinea pig sensitization test; HMT = human maximization test; SLS = sodium lauryl sulfate added to give irritant reactions; FCAT = Freund's complete adjuvant test; OECD = according to OECD guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Evidence that Linalool Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Hostýnek¹,

Maibach²

2003

Exog Dermatol

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The fragrance material linalool has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that linalool is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. However, it remains to be seen how often such an allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to linalool.

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“…The following reviews the published evidence in relation to the sensitization potential of alphaiso-methylionone: 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (CASRN: 127-51-5, EINECS : 204-846-3). A semi-quantitative evaluation of the different reports cited below has been made in accordance with the procedures of Ale and Maibach [1] , which are based largely on those proposed by Benezra et al [2] . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Evidence That Alpha-Iso-Methylionone Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Hostýnek¹,

Maibach²

2004

Exog Dermatol

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The fragrance material alpha-iso-methylionone, or ‘gamma-methylionone’, has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance, coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that alpha-iso-methylionone is a frequent inducer of low-intensity but sub-clinical, type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to alpha-iso-methylionone. Prospective screening patch test studies combined with appropriate follow-up to ascertain clinical relevance should clarify these issues.

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A Systematic Search for Structure-Activity Relationships of Skin Contact Sensitizers: Methodology

Cited by 58 publications

References 1 publication

Spectroscopic studies of D-α-tocopherol concentration-induced transformation in egg phosphatidylcholne vesicles

Spectroscopic studies of D-α-tocopherol concentration-induced transformation in egg phosphatidylcholne vesicles

Is There Evidence that Linalool Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Is There Evidence That Alpha-Iso-Methylionone Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

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