A systematic study on the influence of carbon on the behavior of hard-to-ionize elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

Grindlay, Guillermo; Mora, Juan; Loos-Vollebregt, M.T.C. de; Vanhaecke, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2013.05.002

Cited by 165 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…minimum energy defect of the reaction and conservation of the electron spin) and, as a consequence, non-argon based charge transfer reactions only affect certain elements [11,12]. It was found that As, P, Se and Te signals in ICP-MS are selectively enhanced by carbon and sulfur-based charge transfer reactions whereas Au, Hg, I, and Sb are only enhanced by carbon.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to date, carbon-based charge transfer reaction studies in ICP-AES have focused on As, Se and Te [15,16] and no information is found for P, Hg or I, although these elements could theoretically also be affected by this type of interference [11]. Similarly, the influence of sulfurand phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions on the analyte emission signal has not been studied systematically [15].…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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In this work, the influence of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions on the emission signal of 34 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, I, In, Ir, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Te and Zn) in axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry has been investigated. To this end, atomic and ionic emission signals for diluted glycerol, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions were registered and results were compared to those obtained for a 1% w w -1 nitric acid solution.Experimental results show that the emission intensities of As, Se and Te atomic lines are enhanced by charge transfer from carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ions. Iodine and P atomic emission is enhanced by carbon and sulfur-based charge transfer whereas the Hg atomic emission signal is enhanced only by carbon. Though signal enhancement due to charge transfer reactions is also expected for ionic emission lines of the above mentioned elements, no experimental evidence has been found with the exception of Hg ionic lines operating carbon solutions. The effect of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus charge transfer reactions on atomic emission depends on: (i) wavelength characteristics. In general, signal enhancement is more pronounced for electronic transitions involving the highest upper energy levels; (ii) plasma experimental conditions. The use of robust conditions (i.e. high r.f power and lower nebulizer gas flow rates) improves carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ionization in the plasma and, hence,

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…It should be mentioned that higher recoveries of As with no washing step may be caused by matrix interferences from C (charge transfer) or Cl (polyatomic). 37,38 Analytical figures of merit After the optimization of the proposed DLLME method, the matrix effect was also evaluated by instrument calibration using conventional external calibration (CAL 1), external calibration submitting the standards to the DLLME procedure (CAL 2) and standard addition method submitting the standards to the DLLME procedure (CAL 3). In this case, results obtained by MIC were used as reference values for the evaluation of all calibration modes.…”

Section: Effect Of Washing Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of DLLME for the Extraction and Preconcentration of As and Cd in Sugar for Further Determination by ICP-MS

Seeger¹,

Vecchia²,

Machado³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A method for determining low levels of As and Cd by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was proposed. The following parameters that affect extraction efficiency were investigated: type and volume of extraction solvent (1000 µL acetone), type and volume of dispersive solvent (75 µL carbon tetrachloride), amount of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as chelating agents, sample mass (0.5 g in 10 mL ultrapure water), pH of sample solution (2.0) and number of washing steps (one). Accuracy was evaluated by analytes determination in sugar samples by ICP-MS after digestion by microwave-induced combustion (MIC). No significant difference was observed between results of the proposed DLLME method and MIC in the case of both analytes. Instrument calibration was performed by the standard addition method and good linearity was achieved. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.7 and 0.2 ng g -1 for As and Cd, respectively. The main advantages of this method are relatively high sample mass, low dilution, suitable preconcentration factors and significantly low LOQs (ng g -1 range). When the proposed method was used for determining As and Cd in four sugar samples, their concentrations ranged from 1.13 to 2.95 ng g -1 and from 0.31 to 0.43 ng g -1 , respectively.Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, sugar, arsenic, cadmium, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry IntroductionSugar has been widely consumed around the world by people of all ages, since it is an important ingredient found in several products, such as sweets, softdrinks and bread. 1,2 Similarly to other food, it is prone to contamination by toxic elements throughout its production and manufacturing processes.3 Some elements can be classified into essential or toxic, depending on the role they play in the metabolism of living organisms. Ca, Cu and Zn are essential for life whereas As, Cd and others do not have any known biological function and may be toxic, depending on their concentrations, thus posing potential risks to human health. [4][5][6][7] Arsenic may cause several health problems with mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. In humans, it can affect neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, besides causing hypertension. [7][8][9] Cadmium is the most toxic element to humans, since it leads to renal failure, hypertension, emphysema and carcinogenic hazards, mainly in the kidney and prostate. 8,9 Therefore, As and Cd must be considered toxic even at low concentrations and must be monitored in the environment, food and beverages.Several techniques have been developed for simultaneous element determination at ultratrace levels in food samples. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) 10 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 11 are the most successful examples. Regarding these techniques, the latter, which is the most sensitive, versatile and suitable one for routine applicati...

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“…17,18,23,27,28 On the other hand, polyatomic interferences due to the presence of C must also be considered, in particular for Cr determination. 28 This makes important to develop digestion methods able to generate digests containing low carbon content as well as low residual acidity, which are suitable for analyses using plasma-based techniques.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Digestion Using Mawd-srcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In this way, closed systems that allows the use of high temperature and pressure are required for digestion of EEE in order to obtain relatively high efficiency of digestion, resulting in low values of residual carbon content (RCC) and low residual acidity. 8,9 These are important characteristics of digests to avoid interferences in the determination step by ICP OES 17 and ICP-MS 18 and can be considered dependent of the digestion method and system used as well as of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Inorganic Contaminants in Electrical and Electronic Equipment after Digestion Using Microwave-Assisted Single Reaction Chamber

Silva¹,

Krzyzaniak²,

Picoloto³

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A method for digestion of plastics from waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was developed using the microwave-assisted wet digestion in single reaction chamber (MAWD-SRC). The determination of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was carried out after sample digestion. Mercury was determined by flow-injection cold vapor generation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-CVG-ICP-MS). Results obtained using MAWD-SRC for sample preparation were compared with those obtained using microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) at high pressure. Acid mixtures (HNO 3 or HNO 3 + HCl) were evaluated and feasibility for further inorganic contaminants determination by ICP-MS and ICP OES was demonstrated. Sample preparation by MAWD-SRC using HNO 3 + HCl mixture resulted in better digestion efficiency in comparison to MAWD. In addition, lower limits of quantification were obtained using MAWD-SRC due to the higher sample mass that can be digested (500 mg). The combination of HNO 3 and HCl for digestion showed to be crucial for quantitative recovery of some elements, as Cr and Sb. Agreement with certified values was better than 96%.

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A systematic study on the influence of carbon on the behavior of hard-to-ionize elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

Cited by 165 publications

References 33 publications

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Feasibility of DLLME for the Extraction and Preconcentration of As and Cd in Sugar for Further Determination by ICP-MS

Determination of Inorganic Contaminants in Electrical and Electronic Equipment after Digestion Using Microwave-Assisted Single Reaction Chamber

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