A Systemic Insecticide and Bait for Flea and Rat Control1

“…Harvey (40) found single oral doses of ronnel, Dowco 109, and dimethoate given to Norway rats, Rattus norvegieus (Erxleben), to be only partially effective against the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla eheopis (Rothschild). In tests with the same host and para site, Bennington (9) found that ronnel fed by free-choice in combination with an anticoagulant was effective in killing fleas before the rats died. Also, O'Berg & Goulding (66) conducted tests with ronnel as a single oral treat ment or as a low-level treatment in feed and obtained essentially the same information, but added that the contact toxicity of ronnel in feces of the rats may control larvae of rat fleas in nests of rodents.…”

Section: Control Of Other Pests With Systemic Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Systemic Insecticides for Pests of Animals in the United States

Rc¹,

Rd²,

Ro³

1963

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first encouraging results in the search for systemic insecticides were obtained in 1944 by Lindquist and his co-workers (53), who found that bed bugs, Cimex lectularius Linnaeus and C. hemipterus (Fabricius), died after feeding on rabbits treated orally with DDT or pyrethrins. In 1946, Knipling and associates (48) treated rabbits with oral and intravenous dosages of insecticides, and reported that rabbits tolerated treatments of lindane and 2-pivalyl-I,3-indandione at rates that were lethal to mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), and human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus when feeding on the rabbits. These fi ndings, made at the Orlando, Florida, laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture in conjunction with wartime research on the development of military insecti� cides, justified the initiation of a project on animal systemic insecticides at the Kerrville, Texas, Livestock Insects Laboratory. Since that date, en tomologists at Kerrville have worked intensively, screening candidate ma terials in the laboratory and conducting small-scale field tests with promising compounds. Concurrent toxicological observations have been made by co operating veterinarians of the Animal Disease and Parasite Research Divi sion, and analyses of residues of insecticides in meat and milk have been made by cooperating chemists of the Pesticide Chemicals Research Branch of the Entomology Research Division. A description of steps in the development of the first practical systemic insecticide by the cooperative effort of entomologists, veterinarians, and chemists, both in the U. S. Department of Agriculture and from other or ganizations and industry, is presented below. DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST PRACTICAL SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE In 1947, the first test conducted at Kerrville with a systemically active insecticide involved the administration of 2-pivalyl-l,3-indandione to cattle naturally infested with short-nosed cattle lice, Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch). The treatment was a dose which, in the test with rabbits cited above, was lethal to the parasite but safe for the host. With cattle, however,

show abstract

“…35,36 So far, rodenticide-insecticide combinations have been tested only sporadically. After an initial study in the 1950s of the combined effects of the insecticide fenchlorphos and the anticoagulant rodenticide fumarin on rat fleas and Norway rats 37 the concept was not developed further for several decades. The combination of the anticoagulant bromadiolone with fipronil was assessed in a black rat-rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) system, but the bait was unpalatable independent of fipronil concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a combined insecticide–rodenticide product on ectoparasite and commensal rodent mortality

Hinds

Grice

Watson³

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND Ectoparasites may transfer zoonotic pathogens from rodents to humans or livestock when rodents are managed with rodenticides. This could be minimized using a product combining a rodenticide with a delayed action and a systemic insecticide/acaricide that rapidly kills ectoparasites. Such a combination was tested in commensal pest rodent species to assess efficacy and timing of responses in rodents, and fleas and ticks feeding on them. Ticks or fleas attached to rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were exposed to a product containing brodifacoum (50 ppm) and fipronil (40 ppm) for three days. RESULTS 98–100% of fleas on treated rodents died within one to two days after first exposure, whereas >90% fleas survived on control rodents. The effect persisted for four or more days after bait uptake. Ticks started to succumb to the effect of the combination product within one day (mice) and within four days (rats) of first exposure, with all ticks dying by Day (D)8. Tick survival in control rodents was 90–100%. Rodent mortality began at D3 (rats) and D4 (mice) after first consumption of product and all were dead by D9 (rats) and D7 (mice). CONCLUSION This product effectively killed ectoparasites and rodents. Flea mortality was swift and complete, generally within one day of exposure, whereas it took ticks up to four days to die, but before the rats and house mice died. The combination product might help to prevent ectoparasites migrating from dying rodents to another host. Field trials are warranted. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

A Systemic Insecticide and Bait for Flea and Rat Control1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Problems in Biology, Behaviour and Environment which Affect the Control of Vectors by Pesticides

Problems in Biology, Behaviour and Environment which Affect the Control of Vectors by Pesticides

Development of Systemic Insecticides for Pests of Animals in the United States

Efficacy of a combined insecticide–rodenticide product on ectoparasite and commensal rodent mortality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About