A Systemic Model for Driver-in-Control

Abstract

Models of driving have traditionally been couched either in terms of guidance and control or in terms of human factors. There is, however, a need for more powerful models that can match the rapidly growing complexity and sophistication of modern cars. Such models must provide coherent and consistent ways of describing driver performance to help engineers develop and validate technical concepts for semi-and fully automated systems in cars. This paper presents a qualitative model for Driverin-Control (DiC) based on the principles of cognitive systems engineering. The model describes driving in terms of multiple, simultaneous control loops with the joint driver-vehicle system (JVDS) as a unit. This provides the capability to explain how disturbances may propagate between control levels. The model also enables new functions to be evaluated at the specific level at which they are aimed, rather than by their effects on global driving performance.

Theoretical models of drivers behavior on the road

“…Modele zachowania kierowcy skupiają się na takich czynnikach jak osobowość, postawy, motywacja [2,3], doświadczenie, trening [2][3][4], stan psychofizyczny [2][3][4], świadomość sytuacyjna [5,6] czy intencjonalność [2,6]. Ponadto, w zależności od koncepcji teoretycznej, wszystkie wymienione czynniki są rozpatrywane z perspektywy albo opisowej, albo funkcjonalnej [7].…”

Advancing simulation-based driver training

“…Literature contains several driver hierarchies, mostly comprising three levels (e.g., Michon, 1985;Rasmussen, 1983;Van der Molen & Bötticher, 1988) or four levels (e.g., Hatakka et al, 2002;Hollnagel et al, 2003;. Researchers have also proposed to combine hierarchies or taxonomies into a two-dimensional matrix (Hale et al, 1990) or a three-dimensional cube (Summala, 1996;Theeuwes, 2001).…”

Driver coordination in complex traffic environments

“…Hollnagel et al (2003) have suggested an extension of COCOM, aiming at describing driving control with even higher levels of control, the Extended Control Model (ECOM). The ECOM does not only try to explain the closed loop behaviours, but also tries to introduce high-level cognitive activities like planning.…”

“…For example, fast against safe or speed against accuracy. As noted by Hollnagel et al (2003), situations may also occur where the driver deliberately gives up control on one or more cognitive levels, in order to handle more severe difficulties on other. Depending on more intricate characteristics of the driver, we may find the weighting between goals different.…”

“…It should be noted that the term 'process', as in 'driving process', could also be suitable. 3 Also called the Driver In Control model byHollnagel et al (2003).…”