A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem

Walker, T. K.; Janssens, Ivan A.; Weedon, James T.; Sigurðsson, Bjarni D.; Richter, Andreas; Peñuelas, Josep; Leblans, Niki I. W.; Bahn, Michael; Bartrons, Mireia; Jonge, Cindy De; Fuchslueger, Lucia; Gargallo‐Garriga, Albert; Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur; Marañón-Jiménez, Sara; Oddsdóttir, Edda Sigurdís; Ostonen, Ivika; Poeplau, Christopher; Prommer, Judith; Radujković, Dajana; Sardans, Jordi; Sigurðsson, Páll; Soong, Jennifer L.; Vicca, Sara; Wallander, Håkan; Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira; Verbruggen, Erik

doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3

Cited by 44 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Amplicon sequencing of rRNA genes, on the other hand, did not indicate warming-induced changes of the microbial community composition at genus and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level 15,16,20 . Recently a meta-analysis on 128 measured variables at this site, including a broad variety of biotic and abiotic soil properties, pools, and processes was published, reporting a systemic overreaction to 5-8 years versus decades of warming 15 . However, details of underlying microbial responses influencing the ecosystem-scaled responses remained largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These changes were accompanied by lower soil microbial biomass but higher soil respiration rates per unit of microbial biomass 16 , contradicting the concept of a physiological acclimation of microorganisms 16 . Amplicon sequencing of rRNA genes, on the other hand, did not indicate warming-induced changes of the microbial community composition at genus and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level 15,16,20 . Recently a meta-analysis on 128 measured variables at this site, including a broad variety of biotic and abiotic soil properties, pools, and processes was published, reporting a systemic overreaction to 5-8 years versus decades of warming 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…One site has experienced warming for >50 y, possibly since before 1708 14 . Geothermal activities may have varied over time, but warming has been stable in the area since at least 1963, and the warming intensities of the temperature gradients have not varied since detailed measurements began [14][15][16] . The second site recently developed similar temperature gradients after an earthquake in 2008.…”

Section: Grassland Sites and Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has recently been shown that natural geothermal activity can enable the study of soil warming on decadal time scales 14,15 . We here make use of the longest in situ soil warming experiment worldwide, ForHot, in which a subarctic grassland site has been exposed to soil warming for decades (>50 y) 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central metabolic responses of microorganisms to years and decades of soil warming

Söllinger¹,

Dahl²,

Séneca³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Microbial physiological responses to long-term warming are poorly understood. Here we applied metatranscriptomics to investigate how microorganisms react to medium-term (8 years) and long-term (>5 decades) subarctic grassland soil warming of +6 °C. Decades, but not years, of warming induced changes in relative abundances of eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral transcripts and reduced functional richness. However, irrespective of the duration of warming, we observed a community-wide upregulation of central (carbon) metabolisms and cell replication in the warmed soils, whereas essential energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis complexes and pathways were downregulated. This coincided with a decrease of microbial biomass and lower soil substrate concentrations (e.g. dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus). We conclude that permanently accelerated reaction rates at higher temperatures facilitate a downregulation of energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis, potentially freeing energy and matter for substrate acquisition and growth. This resource allocation seems to be a common response in microorganisms and allows sustaining high metabolic activities and replication rates even after decades of soil warming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Grassland Sites and Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Central metabolic responses of microorganisms to years and decades of soil warming

Söllinger¹,

Dahl²,

Séneca³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extreme warming events that are accompanied by drought have been shown to have more severe effects on plant communities than warming without accompanying drought (Bragazza 2008;De Boeck et al 2016). From the growing number of experimental global change experiments performed, we have learned that short-, medium-and longer-term responses may differ (Hollister et al 2005;Alatalo et al 2015b;Kremers et al 2015; Baruah et al 2018;Walker et al 2020) In addition, different types of environmental disturbance may have different effects on plant communities and invasive species (Erfanian et al 2019b). Strong evidence of the importance of both duration of experimental manipulations and number of disturbances is provided by a global study that included data from more than 100 experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plant composition and diversity in an Alpine heath and meadow after 18 years of experimental warming

Alatalo¹,

Erfanian²,

Molau³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background and aim Global warming is expected to have large impacts on high alpine and Arctic ecosystems in future. Here we report the effects of 18 years of experimental warming on two contrasting high alpine plant communities in subarctic Sweden.Methods Using open-top chambers (OTCs), we analysed the effects of long-term passive experimental warming on two high alpine plant communities, a species- and nutrient-poor heath and a more nutrient- and species-rich mesic meadow. We determined the impact on species composition, species diversity (at the level of rare, frequent and dominant species in each community), and phylogenetic and functional diversity.Key results Long-term warming drove differentiation in the species composition in both heath and meadow vegetation, with the warmed plots having distinctly different species composition in 2013 compared with 1995. In addition, variability in species composition increased in the meadow, while it decreased in the heath. The long-term warming had a significant negative effect on the three orders of phylogenetic Hill diversity in the meadow. There was a similar tendency in the heath, but only the phylogenetic diversity of dominant species was significantly affected. Long-term warming caused a reduction in graminoids in the heath, while deciduous shrubs increased. In the meadow, cushion-forming plants showed an increase in abundance from 2001 to 2013 in the warmed plots. Conclusions Responses in species and phylogenetic diversity to experimental warming varied over both time (medium vs long-term responses) and space (i.e. between the two neighbouring plant communities heath and meadow). The meadow community was more negatively affected in terms of species and phylogenetic diversity than the heath community. A potential driver for the changes in the meadow may be decreased soil moisture caused by the long-term warming.

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Changes in plant composition and diversity in an alpine heath and meadow after 18 years of experimental warming

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aim Global warming is expected to have large impacts on high alpine and Arctic ecosystems in future. Here we report the effects of 18 years of experimental warming on two contrasting high alpine plant communities in subarctic Sweden.Methods Using open-top chambers (OTCs), we analysed the effects of long-term passive experimental warming on two high alpine plant communities, a species-and nutrient-poor heath and a more nutrientand species-rich mesic meadow. We determined the impact on species composition, species diversity (at the level of rare, frequent and dominant species in each community), and phylogenetic and functional diversity. Key resultsLong-term warming drove differentiation in the species composition in both heath and meadow vegetation, with the warmed plots having distinctly different species composition in 2013 compared with 1995. In addition, variability in species composition increased in the meadow, while it decreased in the heath. The long-term warming had a significant negative effect on the three orders of phylogenetic Hill diversity in the meadow. There was a similar tendency in the heath, but only the phylogenetic diversity of dominant species was significantly affected. Long-term warming caused a reduction in graminoids in the heath, while deciduous shrubs increased. In the meadow, cushionforming plants showed an increase in abundance from 2001 to 2013 in the warmed plots. ConclusionsResponses in species and phylogenetic diversity to experimental warming varied over both time (medium vs long-term responses) and space (i.e. between the two neighbouring plant communities heath and meadow). The meadow community was more negatively affected in terms of species and phylogenetic diversity than the heath community. A potential driver for the changes in the meadow may be decreased soil moisture caused by the long-term warming.

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A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem

Cited by 44 publications

References 35 publications

Central metabolic responses of microorganisms to years and decades of soil warming

Central metabolic responses of microorganisms to years and decades of soil warming

Changes in plant composition and diversity in an Alpine heath and meadow after 18 years of experimental warming

Changes in plant composition and diversity in an alpine heath and meadow after 18 years of experimental warming

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