A systems approach to appraisal mechanisms in emotion

Sander, David; Grandjean, Didier; Scherer, Klaus R.

doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2005.03.001

Cited by 524 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…They demonstrated that it is not only possible to diminish the behavioral reactions elicited by a CS through reward devaluation, but that it is also possible to amplify them by increasing the relevance of the associated reward for the current needs of the organism. This provides direct support to our main hypothesis that these stimuli modulate involuntary attentional orienting because of their appraised affective relevance (Sander et al, 2005). If the reward is appraised as affectively relevant, then attention is rapidly oriented toward the stimuli associated with it, but when the reward has been devaluated through a past experience and is no longer appraised as relevant, then attention is no longer rapidly oriented toward the stimuli associated with it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Two experiments supported the idea that involuntary attentional orienting toward emotional stimuli does not depend on the intrinsic properties of the stimulus solely, but rather on the rapid appraisal of the affective relevance of the stimulus (Sander et al, 2005). More precisely, results demonstrated for the first time that attention is rapidly oriented toward perceptually irrelevant and neutral stimuli associated with primary reward, and that this attentional orienting critically depends on the flexible representation of the hedonic and the motivational value of the reward.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Appraisal theories propose an alternative explanation. According to these theories, it is not the intrinsic property of the stimulus itself that matters, but rather the interaction between the stimulus and the concerns of the individual perceiving it (e.g., Sander, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2005). If a stimulus is appraised as relevant to an important current concern of the individual, the individual's attention is rapidly and involuntarily oriented toward it (Brosch, Sander, Pourtois, & Scherer, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where is the chocolate? Rapid spatial orienting toward stimuli associated with primary rewards

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tSome stimuli can orient attentional resources and access awareness even if they appear outside the focus of voluntary attention. Stimuli with low-level perceptual salience and stimuli with an emotional content can modulate attention independently of voluntary processes. In Experiment 1, we used a spatial cuing task to investigate whether stimuli that are controlled for their perceptual salience can modulate the rapid orienting of attention based exclusively on their affective relevance. Affective relevance was manipulated through a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm in which an arbitrary and affectively neutral perceptual stimulus was associated with a primary reward (i.e., a chocolate odor). Results revealed that, after conditioning, attentional resources were rapidly oriented toward the stimulus that was previously associated with the reward. In Experiment 2, we used the very same conditioning procedure, but we devaluated the reward after conditioning for half of the participants through a sensory-specific satiation procedure. Strikingly, when the reward was devaluated, attention was no longer oriented toward reward-associated stimuli. Our findings therefore suggest that reward associations rapidly modulate visual processing independently of both voluntary processing and the perceptual salience of the stimulus. This supports the notion that stimuli associated with primary rewards modulate rapid attention orienting on the basis of the affective relevance of the stimulus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where is the chocolate? Rapid spatial orienting toward stimuli associated with primary rewards

et al. 2014

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“…Although this limits the interest of ERP for emotion assessment, good performance was obtained using this method. [115,122] Following the theory that emotions emerge as the synchronization of several subsystems, [123] indices of brain areas' synchronization should also be relevant for emotion assessment. This has been demonstrated in [110] by computing inter-electrode mutual information and in [124] by computing the correlation dimension of a set of EEG signals.…”

Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of affective brain computer interfaces: principles, state-of-the-art, and challenges

Mühl

Allison

Nijholt

et al. 2014

Brain-Computer Interfaces

238

159

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Affective states, moods and emotions, are an integral part of human nature: they shape our thoughts, govern the behavior of the individual, and influence our interpersonal relationships. The last decades have seen a growing interest in the automatic detection of such states from voice, facial expression, and physiological signals, primarily with the goal of enhancing human-computer interaction with an affective component. With the advent of brain-computer interface research, the idea of affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCI), enabling affect detection from brain signals, arose. In this article, we set out to survey the field of neurophysiology-based affect detection. We outline possible applications of aBCI in a general taxonomy of brain-computer interface approaches and introduce the core concepts of affect and their neurophysiological fundamentals. We show that there is a growing body of literature that evidences the capabilities, but also the limitations and challenges of affect detection from neurophysiological activity

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“…Note that the extended emotion thesis differs in important respects from other views on which emotions may be taken to extend beyond the agent's head to its body-e.g., embodied emotion theories (for a philosophical take see Prinz 2004aPrinz , 2004b; for more experimental approaches see Niedenthal 2007, Schnall et al 2008, Sander et al 2005, Scherer 2009)-or even beyond individual organisms to social groups-e.g., collective emotions theories (see for example (Scheve & Salmela, 2014) and (Scheve & Ismer, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended emotion

Carter¹,

Gordon

Palermos

2015

Philosophical Psychology

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Recent thinking within philosophy of mind about the ways cognition can extend (e.g. Clark 2011; Clark & Chalmers 1998; Wilson 2000Wilson , 2004Menary 2006) has yet to be integrated with philosophical theories of emotion, which give cognition a central role. We carve out new ground at the intersection of these areas, and in doing so, defend what we call the extended emotion thesis: i.e., the claim that some emotions can extend beyond skin and skull to parts of the external world.

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A systems approach to appraisal mechanisms in emotion

Cited by 524 publications

References 199 publications

Where is the chocolate? Rapid spatial orienting toward stimuli associated with primary rewards

Where is the chocolate? Rapid spatial orienting toward stimuli associated with primary rewards

A survey of affective brain computer interfaces: principles, state-of-the-art, and challenges

Extended emotion

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