A systems view of psychological trauma: Developing post-traumatic stress response paradigms

Williams, Mary Beth

doi:10.1007/bf00945997

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Co-morbidity may partly reflect severity of the condition, which is known to be a predictor of worse outcomes [ 9 ]. Factors such as pre-departure abuse, [ 10 ] severity of trafficking abuse, length of time in the trafficking situation [ 21 ] or low levels of social support [ 30 ] may influence susceptibility to co-morbid diagnoses. It is worth recalling that less than a third of women reported feeling able to disclose to someone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in post-trafficking services in moldova: diagnostic interviews over two time periods to assess returning women's mental health

et al. 2011

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BackgroundTrafficking in women is a widespread human rights violation commonly associated with poor mental health. Yet, to date, no studies have used psychiatric diagnostic assessment to identify common forms of mental distress among survivors returning to their home country.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted of women aged 18 and over who returned to Moldova between December 2007 and December 2008 registered by the International Organisation for Migration as a survivor of human trafficking. Psychiatric diagnoses in women at a mean of 6 months after return (range 2-12 months) were made by a trained Moldavian psychiatrist using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and compared with diagnoses recorded in the same women within 5 days of return. We described the socio-demographic characteristics of the women in the sample including both pre and post-trafficking information. We then described the distribution of mental health diagnoses recorded during the crisis intervention phase (1-5 days after return) and the re-integration phase (2-12 months after return). We compared diagnoses at the patient level between the two time points by tabulating the diagnoses and carrying out a kappa test of agreement and the Stuart-Maxwell test for marginal homogeneity (an extension of the McNemar test to kxk table).Results120/176 (68%) eligible women participated. At 2-12 months after their return, 54% met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnoses comprising post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) alone (16%); co-morbid PTSD (20%); other anxiety or mood disorder (18%). 85% of women who had been diagnosed in the crisis phase with co-morbid PTSD or with another anxiety or mood disorder sustained a diagnosis of any psychiatric disorder when followed up during rehabilitation.ConclusionsTrafficked women returning to their country of origin are likely to suffer serious psychological distress that may endure well beyond the time they return. Women found to have co-morbid PTSD or other forms of anxiety and depression immediately post-return should be offered evidenced-based mental health treatment for at least the standard 12-month period of rehabilitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in post-trafficking services in moldova: diagnostic interviews over two time periods to assess returning women's mental health

et al. 2011

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“…(1) The child self-system dimension consists of temperament and selfesteem issues, and cognitive, emotional, behavioral, ethnocultural ego identity elements (Parson, 1994c, Williams, 1992, expressed in a "relatively enduring pattern" (Sullivan, 1953).…”

Section: Component Dimensions Of Ctrt's Intersystems Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child traumatherapy: Its role in managing the effects of trauma, loss, damaged attachment, and dissociation in children exposed to lethal urban community violence

Parson

1996

J Contemp Psychother

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“…As a number of writers have recently noted, PTSD can misleadingly be viewed as a relatively simple disorder but actually had better be seen in a complex systems, constructivist, holistic, and connectionist light (Epstein, 1991;King, 1993;Resick & Schnicke, 1992;Ruth, 1993;Williams, 1992). In an excellent review of PTSD Theory, Williams (1992, p. 362) points out that "schemas both shape and are shaped by complex, evolutionary model provides a basis for systematic assessment of impact of trauma as well as treatment planning.…”

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confidence: 98%

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A rational emotive behavioral theory

Ellis¹

1994

J Rational-Emot Cognitive-Behav Ther

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ABSTRACT:The PTSD Theory and practice of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is explained and compared with other forms of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) that help clients to dispute their dysfunctional cognitive processing and to use exposure. Because these other CBT Theories do not emphasize REBT's principles of absolutist musts and demands it is shown how REBT hypotheses may better explain some of the cognitive processing theories of other CBT formulations regarding PTSD.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly complex and often highly individualized syndrome which, recent theory and research has shown, fits quite well with the theory and practice of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). For REBT, as this paper will show, particularly stresses the creation of PTSD by its victims' dysfunctional or irrational Beliefs (iBs), by their frequently avoiding and numbing themselves to the severe pain of their traumatic experiences, and by their requiring some form of exposure to overcome their disorder; and most modern authorities on and researchers of PTSD also stress these factors.As a number of writers have recently noted, PTSD can misleadingly be viewed as a relatively simple disorder but actually had better be seen in a complex systems, constructivist, holistic, and connectionist light (

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A systems view of psychological trauma: Developing post-traumatic stress response paradigms

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Women in post-trafficking services in moldova: diagnostic interviews over two time periods to assess returning women's mental health

Women in post-trafficking services in moldova: diagnostic interviews over two time periods to assess returning women's mental health

Child traumatherapy: Its role in managing the effects of trauma, loss, damaged attachment, and dissociation in children exposed to lethal urban community violence

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A rational emotive behavioral theory

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