A T-DNA gene required for agropine biosynthesis by transformed plants is functionally and evolutionarily related to a Ti plasmid gene required for catabolism of agropine by Agrobacterium strains

Hong, Seung‐Beom; Hwang, Ingyu; Dessaux, Yves; Guyon, Pierre; Kim, Kun-Soo; Farrand, Stephen K.

doi:10.1128/jb.179.15.4831-4840.1997

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…For example, creatinase of Pseudomonas putida generates sarcosine plus urea from water plus creatine (Bazan et al, 1994), and AgcA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens converts one opine (mannopine) to another (agropine) via an internal condensation reaction (Hong et al, 1997). Although many well-characterized M24B enzymes, such as the cobaltdependent methionine aminopeptidase from E. coli have metal cofactors, DddP does not and so resembles, for example, the creatinase of Paracoccus, which also lacks a metal-containing active site (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dddP gene of Roseovarius nubinhibens encodes a novel lyase that cleaves dimethylsulfoniopropionate into acrylate plus dimethyl sulfide

et al. 2010

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The cloned dddP gene of the marine bacterium Roseovarius nubinhibens allows Escherichia coli to form the volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an abundant anti-stress compatible solute made by many marine plankton and macroalgae. Using purified DddP, we show here that this enzyme is a DMSP lyase that cleaves DMSP to DMS plus acrylate. DddP forms a functional homodimeric enzyme, has a pH optimum of 6.0 and was a K m of~14 mM for the DMSP substrate. DddP belongs to the M24B family of peptidases, some members of which have metal cofactors. However, the metal chelators EDTA and bipyridyl did not affect DddP activity in vitro and the as-isolated enzyme did not contain metal ions. Thus, DddP resembles those members of the M24B family, such as creatinase, which also act on a non-peptide substrate and have no metal cofactor. Site-directed mutagenesis of the active-site region of DddP completely abolished its activity. Another enzyme, termed DddL, which occurs in other alphaproteobacteria, had also been shown to generate DMS plus acrylate from DMSP. However, DddL and DddP have no sequence similarity to each other, so DddP represents a second, wholly different class of DMSP lyase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dddP gene of Roseovarius nubinhibens encodes a novel lyase that cleaves dimethylsulfoniopropionate into acrylate plus dimethyl sulfide

et al. 2010

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“…The catabolic protein AgcA, which interconverts mannopine and agropine, resembles the agropine synthase protein Ags, which carries out the same reaction. In fact, ags can complement an agcA mutant for catabolism of agropine (40). Similarly, MocC and MocD, which together degrade mannopine, resemble Mas1Ј and Mas2Ј, which synthesize mannopine (54).…”

Section: Uptake and Catabolism Of Opinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bases of Crown Gall Tumorigenesis

et al. 2000

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3The nine decades since Smith and Townsend demonstrated that Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes plant tumors (95) have been marked by a series of surprises. Among the most important of these was the report in 1958 that these tumors could be excised and propagated in vitro without exogenous plant hormones (7). Equally important were a series of reports beginning about the same time that tumors released compounds that agrobacteria could use as nutrients (24). Perhaps the most exciting discoveries, reported in the 1970s and 1980s, were that tumorigenesis required the transfer of fragments of oncogenic DNA to infected plant cells (10), that this process evolved from a conjugal transfer system (99), and that the genes that direct this process are expressed in response to host-released chemical signals (47). This DNA transfer process has become a cornerstone of plant molecular genetics. The genus Agrobacterium also has provided excellent models for several aspects of host-pathogen interactions, including intercellular transport of macromolecules (11), bacterial detection of host organisms (47), targeting of proteins to plant cell nuclei (3), and interbacterial chemical signaling via autoinducer-type pheromones (120).Most of the genes required for tumorigenesis are found on large extrachromosomal elements called Ti plasmids. Indeed, transfer of Ti plasmids into certain nonpathogenic bacteria converts them into tumorigenic pathogens (43). Ti plasmids are generally referred to by the types of opines whose catabolism they direct (see below). However, this nomenclature is becoming less satisfactory as we discover that all known Ti plasmids direct the catabolism of more than one opine and that opine catabolic genes are found in a variety of combinations in different plasmids. The Ti plasmids pTiA6NC, pTi15955, pTiAch5, pTiR10, and pTiB6S3, which are widely considered to be functionally identical, are generally referred to as octopine-type Ti plasmids (or, less frequently, octopine, mannityl opine-type Ti plasmids). The DNA sequencing of these plasmids was initiated almost 20 years ago (21) and was recently completed in our three laboratories. The resulting 194,140-nucleotide sequence is a composite assembly of sequences from all of the plasmids listed above. The close similarity of these plasmids is exemplified by the sequence of a 42-kb segment of the vir regions of pTiA6NC and pTi15955. These sequences differ at only one base, and this polymorphism is silent at the amino acid level. We have no evidence for polymorphisms elsewhere except for a large deletion that is unique to pTiA6NC (Fig. 1). The restriction map deduced from this sequence agrees almost perfectly with the published restriction map of pTiAch5 (25). All known and suspected genes are depicted in Fig. 1, and their demonstrated or putative functions are described in Table 1. The DNA sequence of this Ti plasmid provides a useful framework to review the roles of this plasmid in the biology of plant infection and colonization.This Ti plasmid contains 155 open readin...

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“…In this regard, DFG is an intermediate in the pathway for the catabolism of AGR and MOP coded for by the octopine/mannityl opine-type Ti plasmids such as pTi15955. MOP either converted from AGR (18,19) or taken up by the MOP transport system encoded by mot genes (40) is oxidized to DFG by MOP oxidoreductase encoded by mocC (Fig. 1) (30).…”

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Convergent Evolution of Amadori Opine Catabolic Systems in Plasmids ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens

et al. 2003

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Deoxyfructosyl glutamine (DFG, referred to elsewhere as dfg) is a naturally occurring Amadori compound found in rotting fruits and vegetables. DFG also is an opine and is found in tumors induced by chrysopine-type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Such strains catabolize this opine via a pathway coded for by their plasmids. NT1, a derivative of the nopaline-type A. tumefaciens strain C58 lacking pTiC58, can utilize DFG as the sole carbon source. Genes for utilization of DFG were mapped to the 543-kb accessory plasmid pAtC58. Two cosmid clones of pAtC58 allowed UIA5, a plasmid-free derivative of C58, harboring pSa-C that expresses MocC (mannopine [MOP] oxidoreductase that oxidizes MOP to DFG), to grow by using MOP as the sole carbon source. Genetic analysis of subclones indicated that the genes for utilization of DFG are located in a 6.2-kb BglII Opines are produced by crown gall tumor cells, which are induced by pathogenic Agrobacterium spp. (8,56). Genes for the biosynthesis of these compounds are encoded by the T region of Ti (tumor-inducing) or Ri (root-inducing) plasmids, which are present in the plant pathogens. During infection, the T region is transferred to plant cells and stably integrated into the nuclear genome. The genes for production of opines and plant hormones encoded in the integrated DNA are expressed, and opines are released from the transformed plant cells into soil, where they can be utilized by the pathogenic bacterium as carbon and energy sources (8,42,51). The genes for the utilization of the opines by the bacterium also are located on the virulence plasmids, but in segments outside of the T-DNA region. Opines play key roles in the interkingdom interactions between Agrobacterium spp. and infected plants, promoting selective growth of the pathogenic bacterium (15,39,45,54), inducing Ti plasmid conjugal transfer (11, 42), acting as attractants for agrobacterial strains (27), and inhibiting growth of certain agrobacterial strains (16,29).Among the more than 20 known opines, the chrysopine family (5, 7) is produced by tumors induced by A. tumefaciens Chry strains, Ficus strains, and IIBV7 (5, 52). This family of Amadori-type compounds includes N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-Lglutamine (DFG, referred to elsewhere as dfg), commonly called santhopine; N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamate (DFGA, referred to elsewhere as dfga); N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-5-oxo-Lproline (DFOP, referred to elsewhere as dfop); and chrysopine, the spiropyranosyl lactone of DFG (5). Chemically, these compounds are closely related to the mannityl opines (Fig. 1). DFG and DFGA are the deoxyfructosyl analogs of mannopine (MOP) and mannopinic acid (MOA), respectively, and chrysopine and DFOP are deoxyfructosyl analogs of agropine (AGR) and agropinic acid, respectively. These similarities suggest a close relatedness in catabolic pathways and also in the genes coding for the enzymes for their catabolism between the two families of opines. In this regard, DFG is an intermediate in the pathway for the catabolism of AGR and MOP coded for b...

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A T-DNA gene required for agropine biosynthesis by transformed plants is functionally and evolutionarily related to a Ti plasmid gene required for catabolism of agropine by Agrobacterium strains

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

The dddP gene of Roseovarius nubinhibens encodes a novel lyase that cleaves dimethylsulfoniopropionate into acrylate plus dimethyl sulfide

The dddP gene of Roseovarius nubinhibens encodes a novel lyase that cleaves dimethylsulfoniopropionate into acrylate plus dimethyl sulfide

The Bases of Crown Gall Tumorigenesis

Convergent Evolution of Amadori Opine Catabolic Systems in Plasmids ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens

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