A Tactic for Architectural Exploitation of Indoor Small Cells for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in 5G

Abstract

This paper presents a tactic to realize numerous in-building small cell base station (SBS) architectures for dynamic spectrum sharing by varying the number of physical transceivers as well as the number, amount, and characteristics of operating spectrums per SBS. Each SBS architecture is defined as a Type and the spectrum sharing mechanism of each Type of architecture is detailed and mathematically analyzed to define existing dynamic spectrum sharing techniques suggested in the literature. The high external wall penetration loss of a building and the eICIC technique are exploited to manage co-channel interference generated due to sharing the spectrum of one system to another. System-level capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency performance metrics are derived for each SBS architecture to show the relative outperformance of one to another. It is found that, unlike energy efficiency (EE), the spectral efficiency (SE) response of an SBS architecture is directly affected by the channel characteristics as well as the number and amount of operating spectrum bands. However, the number of transceivers of an SBS does not have a noticeable impact on both SE and EE so long as the feature of an operating spectrum is not altered. Finally, we show that each Type of the proposed SBS architectures can achieve the prospective SE and EE requirements for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks.

Surveying 5G Techno-Economic Research to Inform the Evaluation of 6G Wireless Technologies

“…Firstly, capacity can be greatly enhanced through increasing the density of cells and enabling greater spectrum reuse. A good example is the growth of small cell deployment [54], [55] which is used to significantly enhance the available capacity compared to a traditional approach using only macro cells [56], [57]. Indeed, the use of Heterogenous Networks (HetNets) in 5G [58]- [60] tie into the increased use of virtualization via Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization (SDN/NFV), where such capabilities can enable network slicing to vertical sectors with different quality of service requirements [61]- [64].…”

On Maximizing Energy and Spectral Efficiencies Using Small Cells in 5G and Beyond Networks

“…Moreover, the spectrum of the primary system can be either licensed (e.g., the dedicated spectra of a mobile system and a satellite system) or unlicensed (e.g., the spectrum of a WiFi system). Depending on the type of the primary system and its operating spectrum, numerous DSS techniques, including co-primary shared access (CoPSA) [44], co-channel shared access (CSA) [45], licensed shared access (LSA) [46], and licensed assisted access (LAA) [47], are proposed in the literature.…”

“…Furthermore, based on the number of transceivers and operating spectrum bands of an SBS [45] of a secondary mobile system, one or more of the above DSS techniques can be exploited simultaneously, resulting in increasing the amount of shared spectrum and hence the achievable capacity, SE, and EE of the secondary mobile system. Since the achievable capacity is directly proportional to the available spectrum, the amount of shared spectrum can be increased with an increase in the number of transceivers as well as their operating spectrum bands of an SBS of the secondary mobile system.…”

On Developing Techniques for Sharing Satellite Spectrum with Indoor Small Cells in 5G

“…However, research on spectrum sharing between satellites and small cells in indoor environments are not so apparent. A few works (e.g., [17][18][19][20][21]) in this direction have been carried out. In [17], the authors investigated sharing both indoor and outdoor small cells with an FSS at 3.5 GHz and analyzed the co-channel interference between small cells and the FSS.…”

“…The authors in [18] studied the performance improvement in spectral and energy efficiencies by offloading satellite UEs whenever a satellite UE was within the coverage of any small cell, so that the satellite spectrum can be shared with 3-dimensional (3D) in-building small cells. In [19], the authors proposed a number of in-building small cell Base Station (BS) architectures by exploiting the number of transceivers as well as operating spectrums including the space-satellite spectrum, to share with small cells deployed within a building subject to satisfy a co-channel interference management technique. Authors in [20] evaluated the interference between the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Hotspot indoors and the Earth station of the FSS in the 3.4-3.6 GHz band.…”