A Tale of Nickel-Iron Batteries: Its Resurgence in the Age of Modern Batteries

Abstract

The nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) battery is a century-old technology that fell out of favor compared to modern batteries such as lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries. However, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest because of its robustness and longevity, making it well-suited for niche applications, such as off-grid energy storage systems. Currently, extensive research is focused on addressing perennial issues such as iron passivation and hydrogen evolution reaction, which limit the battery’s energy density, cyclability, and rate performance. Despite efforts to modify electrode composition and morphology, these issues persist, warranting a deeper look at the development story of Ni-Fe battery improvements. In this review, the fundamental reaction mechanisms are comprehensively examined to understand the cause of persisting issues. The design improvements for both the anode and cathode of Ni-Fe batteries are discussed and summarized to identify the promising approach and provide insights on future research directions.

Investigation of Fe-Ni Battery/Module for Grid Service Duty Cycles

“…It is worth mentioning that economic analysis of battery technologies for grid energy storage may not be that simple by just considering the raw materials cost, and should involve evaluating initial costs, lifespan, maintenance, efficiency, degradation rates, operational expenses, and other factors. For instance, Fe-Ni batteries have higher costs than lead–acid batteries but generally offer longer lifespans [ 49 ]. Beyond the factors mentioned, environmental and safety considerations, regulatory compliance, material availability, and integration costs with grid infrastructure are also crucial in determining the overall financial viability and cost-effectiveness of these systems.…”

Rechargeable iron-ion (Fe-ion) batteries: recent progress, challenges, and perspectives

“…Later on, Ni–Fe batteries were developed mainly in the last 30 years to improve the overall efficiency of the battery. 52–65 Next, iron–air and iron-redox flow batteries were also developed in 1961 and 1981, respectively, and popularized with time. After that, various findings were reported on developing the electrodes and electrolytes for the iron–air and iron-redox flow batteries.…”

Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis of Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for the Mining Industry in South Africa

“…Researchers are utilizing advanced software tools like HOMER to intricately weave energy storage solutions into electrification systems for remote regions, all while considering the potential for grid integration. Most researchers commonly utilized lead acid (LA) [24], lithium-ion (LI) [25] and nickel-iron (IN) [26] battery technologies. However, these battery technologies have disadvantages, which are unpacked as follows:…”