2016
DOI: 10.2138/am-2016-5522
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A tale of two garnets: The role of solid solution in the development toward a modern mineralogy

Abstract: This article reviews the development of mineralogy as a science by focusing largely on the common silicate garnets of general formula {X 3 }[Y 2 ](Si 3)O 12. It tells of important discoveries, analyses, and proposals by various scientists relating to crystallography, crystal structures, isomorphism, and solid solution starting in Europe in the late 1700s. The critical recognition of the importance of ionic size of atoms in determining crystal-chemical properties and solid-solution behavior is emphasized. The t… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Common silicate garnets have a general formula {X 3 }[Y 2 ](Z 3 )O 12 , where {X}, [Y], and (Z) represent the dodecahedral, octahedral, and tetrahedral crystallographic cation sites and their polyhedral coordination in space group Ia3d (Geiger, 2008, 2016). The main end members are almandine (Fe 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), pyrope (Mg 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), spessartine (Mn 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), grossular (Ca 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), andradite Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12 ), and rarer uvarovite (Ca 3 Cr 2 Si 3 O 12 ), traditionally distinguished in the two series pyralspites and (u)grandites (Winchell & Winchell, 1927).…”
Section: Methods and Rationalementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Common silicate garnets have a general formula {X 3 }[Y 2 ](Z 3 )O 12 , where {X}, [Y], and (Z) represent the dodecahedral, octahedral, and tetrahedral crystallographic cation sites and their polyhedral coordination in space group Ia3d (Geiger, 2008, 2016). The main end members are almandine (Fe 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), pyrope (Mg 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), spessartine (Mn 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), grossular (Ca 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), andradite Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12 ), and rarer uvarovite (Ca 3 Cr 2 Si 3 O 12 ), traditionally distinguished in the two series pyralspites and (u)grandites (Winchell & Winchell, 1927).…”
Section: Methods and Rationalementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of Raman analysis are summarised in Table 1 and provided in full in Table A4. (Geiger, 2008(Geiger, , 2016 (Winchell & Winchell, 1927).…”
Section: Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Of Garnet Grainsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well known that the reciprocal solid solution of garnet can be described as (Fe2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Mn2+)3normalA(Al3+,Fe3+,Cr3+)2normalM(Si4+,Ti4+,4H+)3normalTnormalO12, in which A, M and T refer to the hexahedral, octahedral and tetrahedral crystallographic sites respectively. According to the mixing sites, the garnet solid solution was classified into two series: the pyralspite series, ferrous cations mixing on the hexahedral site; and the ugrandite series, ferric cations mixing on the octahedral site, although such a classification scheme is not tentatively recommended today (Geiger, ). For garnet formed in metapelites, mixing of cations occurs mainly on the hexahedral site and mixing on the octahedral and tetrahedral sites is essentially negligible.…”
Section: Calibrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The shared corners of both [YO 6 ] octahedrons and isolated silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons make it workable to form a dodecahedron vacuum between them. This vacuum is centered on X 2+ , shaped as a distorted cubic [3]. Most of the ions can be substituted by similar particles, which is due to the fact that garnet is a complete isomorphous series [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%